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SUMMARY:Solid residues from the hydrodistillation of selected Spanish populations of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) have been analyzed for their polyphenol composition, and antioxidant and bioplaguicide activities. The objective was to evaluate and select the most suitable plant materials as sources of natural antioxidants and crop protectants. Total polyphenol content and polyphenol composition of rosemary populations were very dependent on the growth location: populations from Aranjuez showed a higher content of total polyphenols and were richer in rosmarinic acid as compared with their equivalent populations from Cuenca, whereas these latter were characterized by an overall higher content in genkwanin and carnosol. Most of the antioxidant activities were highly correlated with the total content of polyphenols although some polyphenols like carnosic acid and carnosol seemed to favor such activities. The extracts from R. officinalis were strong antifeedants against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and moderate against Spodoptera littoralis Boisd and Myzus persicae Sulzer, according to their feeding ecologies. The biological effects of the active samples cannot be accounted by their chemical composition, suggesting additive or synergistic effects. Both the phytotoxic and stimulating effects on Lactuca sativa L., and Lolium perenne L. leaf and/or root growth were observed. KEYWORDS: Antifeedants; Antioxidants; Health-promoting compounds; Natural crop protectants; Phytotoxic activity; Residue valorization RESUMEN:Composición química y propiedades biológicas de los residuos sólidos de la hidrodestilación de poblaciones españolas de Rosmarinus officinalis L. Se ha analizado la composición en polifenoles y las actividades antioxidante y bioplaguicida de los residuos sólidos procedentes de la hidrodestilación de poblaciones seleccionadas de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). El objetivo fue evaluar y seleccionar los materiales vegetales más adecuados como fuente de antioxidantes y bioplaguicidas naturales. El contenido total y la composición en polifenoles de las poblaciones de romero dependieron mucho de la localidad de cultivo: las poblaciones de Aranjuez mostraron un mayor contenido en polifenoles y fueron más ricas en ácido rosmarínico en comparación con sus equivalente poblaciones de Cuenca, mientras que éstas últimas en general se caracterizaron por un mayor contenido de genkwanina y carnosol. La mayoría de las actividades antioxidantes estuvieron altamente correlacionadas con el contenido total en polifenoles aunque algunos polifenoles como el ácido carnósico y el carnosol parecen favorecer dichas actividades. Los extractos de R. officinalis mostraron una fuerte actividad fagorepelente frente a Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say y moderada sobre Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. y Myzus persicae Sulzer, de acuerdo a sus adaptaciones tróficas. Los efectos sobre el comportamiento alimentario observados no se justifican por la composición química del extracto, lo que sugiere la existencia de efectos aditivos y/o sinérgi...

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The phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant properties of solid residues from the distillation of eight populations of Salvia lavandulifolia were investigated to select the most suitable plant materials to yield natural antioxidants. The residues showed a very different phenolic content and composition, populations SL1, SL5, SL7, and SL8 showed a good total phenolic content, and comparable results in the assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and in the inhibition of the oxidation of linoleic acid, and consequently, seemed the most promising sources of antioxidant compounds. On the other hand, SL2, SL3, and SL4 showed remarkable iron-chelating activities and could be of interest in the prevention of the oxidation process with participation of this metal through Fenton's reaction. The differences observed among residues in the phenolic composition had an apparently scarce influence on the activities investigated.

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