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The influence of different callus induction media on the regeneration process in garlic was tested. The auxin 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid frequently used in garlic tissue culture was found to be detrimental when used at the levels described in the literature. However, combinations of growth regulators commonly used for dicot tissue culture produced high levels of callus induction and regeneration that could be used efficiently in a transformation program.

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Vahl., Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel., Lavandula latifolia Medik., Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Thymus vulgaris L. are presented. The essential oils have been analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and 61 compounds were identified, 23 of which represented more than 1% of the essential oil. The 1,8 cineole (16-23%) appeared as the main compound of Salvia sp. essential oils. The high content of α-thujone was characteristic in S. officinalis oil. Remarkable concentrations of linalool (30-33%), camphor (5-17%) and linalyl acetate (9-28%) were detected in Lavandula sp. oils while carvacrol (21.6%) and p-cimene (23.7%) were the most abundant compounds in T. vulgaris oil. Biological characterization was based on their bioplaguicide activity. The essential oils studied had strong antifeedant effects against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd., Myzus persicae Sulzer and Rhopalosiphum padi L., phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa L. and Lolium perenne L. and also exhibited high antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. Oils from T. vulgaris and L. latifolia showed the highest levels of bioactivity against all target species. These results provide an added-value to the essential oils of aromatic plants of agro-industrial interest for its potential use in the development of natural agrochemicals. KEY-WORDS: Bioplaguicide activity -Essential oilsLavandula -Natural agrochemicals -Salvia -Thymus INTRODUCCIÓNEl cultivo de plantas aromáticas representa una importante actividad agraria en algunas zonas de España y, particularmente, en las comarcas castellano-manchegas de la Alcarria (Cuenca y Guadalajara), Serranía Alta (Cuenca) y Señorío de MolinaAlto Tajo (Guadalajara) donde se concentra el 50% de la producción nacional de lavandas (MARM, 2010).El principal producto comercial obtenido de estas especies vegetales es su aceite esencial (AE). Más del 90% de la producción de AE se utiliza como materia prima en la industria de la cosmética (perfumes y productos para la piel y el cabello), in- RESUMEN Perfil químico y biológico de aceites esenciales de plantas aromáticas de interés agro-industrial en CastillaLa Mancha (España)En este trabajo se presenta el estudio químico y biológico de los aceites esenciales de Salvia officinalis L., Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl., Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel., Lavandula latifolia Medik., Lavandula angustifolia Mill. y Thymus vulgaris L. El estudio químico por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas de los aceites esenciales permitió la identificación de 61 compuestos, de los cuales 23 presentaron un porcentaje mayor o igual al 1 %. Los aceites esenciales de Salvia sp. se caracterizaron por presentar un alto contenido de 1,8 cineol (16-23%) y, en el caso específico de S. officinalis, una elevada proporción de α-tuyona (15.7%). En Lavandula sp., los compuestos mayoritarios del aceite fueron linalol (30-33%), alcanfor (5-17%) y acetato de linalilo (9-28%); mientras que en T. vulgaris lo fueron carvacrol (21.6%) y p-cimeno ...

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A simple protocol for garlic in vitro management is described. It comprises a single medium for all developmental stages and genotypes tested, and the use of immature bulbs as source of axillary buds. Although genetic variability exists among the different accessions tested, for both the multiplication rate and bulblet size, acceptable values of multiplication were reached for all the accessions, and values of bulb formation approached 100% in the shoots produced.