Climate change is one of the world's modern challenges. Climate warming for Russia carries certain risks, but also gives some advantages -the ability to cultivate early potatoes in a two-crop culture in the third light zone, i.e. cultivation of two crops in one growing season. This is confirmed by agroclimatic data presented by the V.A. Meteorological Observatory V.A. Michelson. An increase in the sum of active temperatures above 10 º C over the past 30 years, an increase in the duration of the growing season due to an earlier start of the growing season and its later end, were noted. Moisture resources are in sufficient quantity. The studies were conducted on the site of the department "Olericulture ", Timiryazev Academy in 2018 ... 19. The first planting was carried out in early May, the harvesting took place on July 15, and on the same day the second planting of last year's tubers, which were harvested on September 20, was carried out. The early varieties were used: Luck, Meteor, Zhukovsky early, Bullfinch, Red Scarlet. As a result of the research, two harvests of ecologically clean standard products of early ripening varieties with good taste and nutritional qualities were obtained. The minimum average weight from 1 bush was obtained from the Bullfinch variety -388 g, the maximum from the Zhukovsky early variety with germination. Light germination for the first crop allows to accelerate the passage of development phases and subsequently affects the yield (an increase of 1.3-2.0 times). The minimum average weight from 1 bush in the second crop was obtained in the control variant, with the addition of natural concentrate of glauconite sands and watering, the yield increased by 1.4 times. Thus, in changing climatic conditions in the third light zone, two crops can be obtained and this will increase the efficiency of potato production.
Double potato harvest is obtained in the southern regions of the country. In recent years, due to warming, this method of growing has become possible in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. Tubers are marketable, have a delicate taste and are in demand among the population. The first crop is sold at a higher price, and the second crop allows the use of young delicious potatoes until late autumn. This contributes to the production of physiologically young tubers, which leads to the maintenance of planting material in a healthy state for a longer time without variety updating, also physiologically young tubers are better stored and need to be stored less time, thereby reducing storage costs. Obtaining two harvests of potato tubers will make the potato industry in Russia more autonomous and economically more profitable.
Цель работы – изучение органического удобрения Аминозол и удобрения Лебозол-Полный уход на продуктивность и урожайность чеснока озимого. Работа выполнена на коллекционном участке территории УНПЦ Садоводства и овощеводства имени В.И. Эдельштейна, РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева в 2021–2022 годах. В качестве объекта исследований были выбраны сорта чеснока озимого Одинцовский юбилейный и Стрелец. Почва опытного участка – дерново-подзолистая среднесуглинистая, мощность пахотного слоя – 20–23 см, содержание легкогидролизуемого азота – 9,3 мг/100 г почвы, фосфора – 15,0 мг, калия – 8,3 мг, гумуса – 2,6%, рН – 6,8, что удовлетворяет потребностям культуры. Повторность опыта – трехкратная, площадь учетной делянки – 39 м2, схема посадки 60×6 см, густота стояния – 278 тыс. шт. растений на 1 га. Варианты опыта: 1) Одинцовский юбилейный (контроль); 2) Одинцовский юбилейный (двукратная обработка органическим удобрением Аминозол); 3) Одинцовский юбилейный (двукратная обработка удобрением Лебозол-Полный уход); 4) Стрелец (контроль); 5) Стрелец (двукратная обработка органическим удобрением Аминозол), 6) Стрелец (двукратная обработка удобрением Лебозол-Полный уход). Перед посадкой зубки замачивали в препарате Максим для ускорения укоренения и меньшей поражаемости болезнями в зимний период. Посадку проводили в I декаде октября, как и рекомендуется для условий Московской области. Агротехника стандартная для возделывания чеснока озимого. Установлено, что двукратная некорневая обработка по вегетирующим растениям чеснока в первый период вегетации органическим удобрением Аминозол способствует повышению урожайности у сорта Одинцовский юбилейный на 26,6% и у сорта Стрелец – на 17,8% по отношению к контрольным вариантам. Двукратная некорневая обработка удобрением Лебозол-Полный уход в меньшей степени повлияла на увеличение урожайности. Прибавка по отношению к контрольным вариантам по сорту Одинцовский юбилейный составила 13,3%, по сорту Стрелец – 10,6%. The purpose of the work is to study the organic fertilizer Aminozol and fertilizer Lebozol-Complete care for the productivity and yield of winter garlic. The work was carried out on the collection site of the territory of the V.I. Edelstein Horticulture and Vegetable Growing Center, the K.A. Timiryazev Russian Agricultural Academy in 2021–2022. Varieties of winter garlic Odintsovo jubilee and Sagittarius were chosen as the object of research. The soil of the experimental site is sod-podzolic medium loamy, the thickness of the arable layer is 20–23 cm, the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 9.3 mg/100 g of soil, phosphorus is 15.0 mg, potassium is 8.3 mg, humus is 2.6%, pH is 6.8, which meets the needs of the crop. The repeatability of the experiment is threefold, the area of the accounting plot is 39 m2, the planting scheme is 60×6 cm, the density of standing is 278 thousand plants per 1 hectare. Experience options: 1) Odintsovskii yubileinyi (control); 2) Odintsovskii yubileinyi (double treatment with organic fertilizer Aminozol); 3) Odintsovskii yubileinyi (two-time treatment with Lebozol fertilizer-Full care); 4) Sagittarius (control); 5) Sagittarius (two-time treatment with Aminozol organic fertilizer), 6) Sagittarius (two-time treatment with Lebozol fertilizer-Full care). Before planting, the teeth were soaked in the preparation Maxim, to accelerate rooting and less disease incidence in winter. The planting was carried out in the first decade of October, as recommended for the conditions of the Moscow region. Agricultural equipment is standard for the cultivation of winter garlic. It was found that two-fold non-root treatment of garlic vegetating plants in the first growing season with organic fertilizer Aminozol contributes to an increase in yield in the Odintsovskii yubileinyi variety by 26.6% and in the Sagittarius variety by 17.8% in relation to control variants. Two-fold foliar treatment with Lebozol fertilizer-Complete care had a lesser effect on the increase in yield. The increase in relation to the control variants for the Odintsovskii yubileinyi variety was 13.3%, for the Sagittarius variety – 10.6%.
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