MGLSc is unequivocally a disease of the uncircumcised male; the adult peak is late in the fourth decade; dyspareunia is a common presenting complaint; non-specific histology requires careful interpretation; most men are either cured by topical treatment with ultrapotent steroid (50-60%) or by circumcision (>75%); effective and definitive management appears to abrogate the risk of developing penile squamous cell carcinoma; urinary contact is implicated in the pathogenesis of MGLSc; HPV infection and autoimmunity seem unimportant.

Context: It is well recognized that the presence of a foreskin predisposes to penile carcinoma and sexually transmitted infections. We have investigated the relationship between the presence or absence of the foreskin and penile dermatoses. Objective: To determine whether there is an association between circumcision and penile dermatoses. Design: A retrospective case control study of patients attending the department of dermatology with genital skin conditions. Subjects: The study population consisted of 357 male patients referred for diagnosis and management of genital skin disease. The control population consisted of 305 male patients without genital skin disease attending the general dermatology clinics over a 4-month period. Main Outcome Measures: The relationship between circumcision and the presence or absence of skin disease involving the penis was investigated. The rate of circumcision in the general male dermatology population was determined. Results: The most common diagnoses were psoriasis (n = 94), penile infections (n = 58), lichen sclerosus

We recommend vigorous treatment of all patients with PIN, including circumcision. Smoking should be actively discouraged. Patients should have life-long follow-up and partners of patients with BP should be screened for other forms of intraepithelial neoplasia (cervical and anal).

Objectives To design and establish a model to examine in left renal tissue integrity on day 2 only (P<0.001), whereas RI for 40 min caused significant left renal whether brief periods of renal artery occlusion (ischaemic preconditioning, IP) confers protection dysfunction on day 0, day 2 and day 9 (P∏0.01). For a given duration of ischaemia, there was no significant from the eÂects of a subsequent period of ischaemia and reperfusion of the rat kidney.diÂerence between results from (IP+RI) rats compared with RI-only rats at any of the three times. There was Materials and methods Ninety rats were randomized into six groups, i.e. sham-operated controls; IP alone; no significant alteration in renal tissue integrity in the IP-only rats compared with sham-operated controls. a 20 or 40 min period of left renal ischaemia (RI) alone; and IP followed by a 20 or 40 min period of Histological findings paralleled the data obtained from DMSA uptake. RI. Preconditioning involved the sequential clamping of the left renal artery for 4 min and its release for 11Conclusions The IP regimen and 30 min 'critical interval' confers no protection to the kidney from a 20 or min, a total of four times, a 'critical interval' of 30 min before the ischaemic insult. Left renal tissue integrity 40 min ischaemic episode. The IP regimen itself appears to have no eÂect, confirming the validity of was determined by dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) radionuclide imaging on a c-camera both immediately our experimental model.

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