A genetic polymorphism of human serum @-lipoproteins (the Ag system) was first reported by ALLISON and BLUMBERG [l] in 1961.This system was detected in Ouchterlony immuno-diffusion using an iso-antibody from a patient who had received multiple blood transfusions [l, 21. Recently it has been demonstrated that the Ag(x) and Ag(y) factors are controlled by allelic genes [lo, 12, 141. Antibodies directed against other factors of the same system (Ag(a,), Ag(z) and Ag(t)) have been found in the sera of transfused patients [6, 111, especially from children with thalassemia major [li, 7, 151.
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