<p>The genetic diversity of gliadins in twenty two einkorn accessions preserved under long-term seed storage condition in the National gene bank of Bulgaria were evaluated, using acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Acid-PAGE). In total, 64 polymorphic bands and 22 gliadin patterns were identified. Thirty four different mobility bands and 21 gliadin patterns were identified in the ω-gliadin zone, 12 bands and 16 patterns were noted in the γ-gliadins, 17 patterns and 12 mobility bands were found for β-gliadins and six bands with five different α -gliadin patterns were determined. The genetic diversity index (H) was the highest for ω-gliadins (0.950), followed by β-gliadins (0.924) and γ- (0.914), respectively and the lowest value was detected in α-gliadin patterns (0.120). Cluster analysis based on the UPGMA method and Nei and Li similarity coefficients classified all the genotypes into 3 main groups. No relationships between genetic diversity, geographic origin and the genotypes were observed. The results of cluster analysis justify the high level of genetic variation among investigated einkorn accessions.</p>
Based on study of some morphological indices, responsible for productivity in 97 breeding lines Arachis hypogea L. with Bulgarian origin, a linear regression model of the plant, that is characterized with high seed yield, was established. The breeding program requires the identification of direct and indirect effects on productivity. By application of the Path Coefficient Analysis, it has been found that the higher yield plants must have low and extensive bush (i> 2,0). The local accessions of peanuts are characterized by a lower index of the bush (i <2,0). For this purpose, 399 genotypes with different geographical origin were introduced from USDA (USA) in 2008. Based on the evaluation of foreign accessions by height and width of the plant, seed yield from one plant and resistance to Fusarium, four genotypes were selected. They were included in crosses with Bulgarian varieties and lines of Valencia type. The heterosis expressions and some genetic effects of progenies were studied.The results show that heterosis effect in F1 at some of the progenies in connection with yield of the fruit and seeds are inherited without epistatic effect. The inbred depression in F2 is an indication of homozygosity in respect of allelic pairs defining yield.
The aim of the study was to determine the interrelationship and the direct and indirect effects of some yield components among themselves and with the grain yield in the 49 common winter wheat varieties originating from different countries. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of IPGR-Sadovo, Bulgaria during 2017-2019 growing seasons in the randomized block design in three replications and 10 m2 plot size. Data were recorded for a number of days to heading, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand-kernels weight and grain yield per hectar. Grain yield per ha correlated positively and significantly with plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the grain weight per spike, spike length and plant height had the highest direct positive effect on the grain yield per hectar. The results of study could be useful as selection criteria to increase the grain yield in common winter bread wheat.
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