The study was conducted during the period 2014 -2016 in the experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo. The influence of the period of sowing, the predecessor and the fertilization on the elements of productivity and grain yield per hectare in einkorn wheat were studied. It was established that the structural elements of productivity -number of productive tillers, length of the spike, number of spikelets per spike, mass of central spike, number of grains in central spike, weight of the grains from the central spike are with the highest values in plants grown after predecessor peas, sown in autumn and fertilized with extra nitrogen. With least developed productive capabilities are the plant variants sown in spring after sunflower and without additional fertilization with nitrogen. With proved the biggest impact on grain yield per hectare is the date of sowing. The sources of variation: predecessor and combined effect of factors predecessor x fertilization show equal share of influence on the productivity of einkorn. The results from the study give science-based information on the most favorable time of sowing, fertilizing and predecessor in einkorn.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between Phaseolus vulgaris landraces and to determine their adaptation to local climatic conditions to enrich the genetic diversity of the collection of the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Sadovo with original plant material better adapted to current climatic changes. The study was performed in four different geographical regions of Bulgaria (Troyan, Smilyan, Velingrad and Sadovo) with six traditional P. vulgaris landraces. It was demonstrated that genotype was a more dominant influence on morphological characteristics of landraces than climatic factors or genotype/environment interaction. Differences in the reaction of separate genotypes to fluctuations in meteorological conditions were established based on agro-climatic indices. Tolerance of the studied genotypes to drought was assessed using physiological indices. Accession A9E1270 had the best indices and high adaptability. The influence of meteorological conditions on its growth rate during all interphase periods, even under drought conditions, was insignificant, and its biological specifications had a determining role. A9E1206, A9E1211 and A9E1259 were identified as potential candidates; the quantity of rainfall had a strong influence on their development rate, but they developed more quickly under drought conditions.
The aim of the current study is to trace the changes in the length of the growing season in accordance with the accumulated effective temperatures, rains and plant nutrition during the vegetation period, as well as the influence of these indices on the grain yield. The study was conducted in the period 2015 -2016 in the experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources -Sadovo with the local variety B3E0025 from the National Genebank in Sadovo. The experiment was made in block method in four repetitions. Three sowing times were made -autumn, winter and early spring and two options of N fertilizationwithout additional N and 3 kg/da input of active N substance in tillеring phase. The beginning of the basic phenophases has been observed. As a result of the study it was established that the vegetation period in T. monococcum L. has 114-238 days' duration and accumulation of effective temperature of 2266.0-2714.71°C. The length of the growing season and the necessary accumulated temperature depends on the sowing period, the predecessor, the amount of nutrient substances and soil moisture. The extension of the critical phases of autumn sowing favours the obtaining of higher yield. The significance of the effective temperatures decreases with additional N input.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important grain legume crop in the world and the first important legume in the South and West Asia. For Bulgaria the chickpea is an old traditional crop used mainly for human consumption and to a lesser extent for feed. One of the most important yield limiting factors in the chickpea seed production is the poor weed management. The establishment of the most appropriate herbicide or herbicide combination for the effective control especially of the weed flora is a priority task of the chickpea cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different herbicides and herbicidal combinations on weed flora and on the chickpea yield. The herbicides and herbicidal combinations were tested in nine treatments plus one weedy check control. All herbicides were used in pre-emergence applications at different doses. During the study the predominated weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) and Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed). Generally, all tested herbicidal combinations showed good control on the mixed weed flora and the grain yield was high. Three herbicidal combinations had the best effect on weed numbers and grain yield compared to the weed check: Clomazone -15 ml/da + S-metolachlor - 120 ml/da; Clomazone - 30 ml/da + S-metolachlor - 60 ml/da and Clomazone - 15 ml/da + Pendimethalin - 500 ml/da. Most of the studied herbicides and herbicidal combinations were tolerant, non-suppressive and showed a high positive effect on the chickpea yield.
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