Background: Nesfatin-1 is nucleobindin 2-derived polypeptide involved in feeding regulation. The expression of Nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and reproductive organs drew the attention to its potential role in regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Yet, very few data are available regarding the effect of gonadal hormones on the regulation of Nesfatin-1. Aim of Study: The present study was designed to explore the probable sex difference in serum Nesfatin-1 levels and the relationship between serum levels of sex hormones and Nesfatin-1 in adult male and female albino rats. Material and Methods: The study involved 18 male and 30 female albino rats. The male rats were divided in to three equal groups: Control (M Cont.), orchidectomized (ORX), and testosterone-treated orchidectomized (T-treated ORX). The female rats were divided in to five equal groups: Control (F Cont.), ovariectomized (OVX), estradiol-treated ovariectomized (E-treated OVX), progesterone-treated ovariectomized (P-treated OVX), and estradiol and progesterone-treated ovariectomized (E + P-treated OVX). Serum levels of Nesfatin-1, LH (in all rats), testosterone (in male rats), estradiol and progesterone (in female rats) were measured. Results: Serum levels of Nesfatin-1 were higher in female than in male control rats. Nesfatin-1 levels significantly decreased in ORX group compared with M Cont. group and increased in T-treated ORX group compared with ORX group. Nesfatin-1 positively correlated with testosterone in ORX and T-treated ORX groups, but insignificantly correlated with LH in all groups. Serum levels of Nesfatin-1 were significantly decreased in OVX group compared with F Cont. group and increased in E-treated OVX, P-treated OVX and In E + Ptreated OVX groups when compared with those of OVX group. Positive correlations were found between Nesfatin-1 and both estradiol and progesterone in OVX, E-treated OVX, P-treated OVX, and E+P-treated OVX groups; however, no significant correlations were found with LH in all groups. Conclusion: From the above results it can be concluded that gonadal hormones are important regulators of serum levels of Nesfatin-1 in albino rats.
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown at an alarming rate with the rapid growth of obesity worldwide. the underlying pathological mechanism of NAFLD has not been completely explained. Visfatin is an adipocytokine that affects metabolic regulation in the body. We aimed in the current study to examine serum and relative expression level of visfatin in obese patients with NAFLD and to determine its correlation with the susceptibility and progression of NAFLD.Methods: case-control study enrolled 40 obese patients had with biopsyproven NAFLD and forty-five healthy volunteers. The enrolled cases were divided into three groups: simple steatosis (n=19), NASH (n= 13), and cirrhosis (n=8). We investigated serum visfatin by ELISA and the relative expression level of visfatin was investigated by RT-PCR Results: Our results revealed that values of serum visfatin were significantly (p<0.001) higher in obese patients with NAFLD than in control subjects. Among NAFLD patients, the highest levels of serum visfatin and its relative expression were in the cirrhosis group (59.6±23.5,2.4±0.81, respectively), NASH (52.37±18.14,2.01±0.66, respectively,), simple steatosis (43.9±9.81, 1.7±0.6, respectively) compared to the control group (14.76±2.51and0.75±0.17, respectively), p<0.05. We detected significant positive correlations between obesity indices, metabolic parameters, and liver enzymes among patients with NAFLD. Linear regression test showed that BMI (odds ratio 0.414, C.I. 0.313-1.672), and waist/hip ratio (odds ratio 0.352, C.I. 0.010-0.066), were the main predictors of serum levels of visfatin in NAFLD. Regards expression levels of visfatin in NAFLD, BMI (odds ratio 0.440, C.I. 013.082-41.593), and waist/hip ratio (odds ratio 0.403, C.I. 0.530-1.724), were the main predictors. Conclusion: Serum visfatin and its mRNA values are increased in NAFLD obese patients compared to controls. There are also higher levels of both markers in the cirrhosis subgroup compared to other groups.
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