Clinical outcome in ovarian carcinoma is predicted by progesterone receptor status, indicating an endocrine aspect to this disease. Peripheral leucocyte genomic DNAs were obtained from 41 patients with primary ovarian carcinoma and 83 controls from Ireland, as well as from 26 primary ovarian carcinoma patients and 101 controls in Germany. Southern analysis using a human progesterone receptor (hPR) cDNA probe identified a germline TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) defined by two alleles: T1, represented by a 2.7 kb fragment; and T2, represented by a 1.9 kb fragment and characterised by an additional TaqI restriction site with respect to T1. An over-representation of T2 in ovarian cancer patients compared with controls in the pooled Irish/German population (P < 0.025) was observed. A difference (P < 0.02) in the distribution of the RFLP genotypes between Irish and German control populations was also observed. The allele distributions could not be shown to differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg distribution in any subgroup. Using hPR cDNA region-specific probes, the extra TaqI restriction site was mapped to intron G of the hPR gene. Images Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
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To assess the impact of S fertilization on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) quality and Cu metabolism in cattle, two studies were conducted during the summer grazing season (1999 and 2000). Pasture replicates (16.2 ha; n = 2/treatment) received the same fertilizer treatment in each growing season, consisting of 1) 67 kg N/ha from ammonium sulfate (AS), 2) 67 kg N/ha from ammonium nitrate (AN), and 3) control (no fertilizer; C). Forage sampling was conducted at 28-d intervals following fertilization by the collection of whole plants (four samples/pasture) in randomly distributed 1-m2 grazing exclusion cages and analyzed for CP, in vitro organic matter digestibility, S, P, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, and Zn. To determine the effect of fertilizer treatment on liver trace mineral concentrations in grazing cattle, random liver tissue samples were collected (n = 12; four/treatment) at the start and end of the study period in 2000. Ammonium sulfate fertilization increased (P < 0.001) forage S concentration in both years. Plant tissue N concentrations were increased by N fertilization, regardless of source, in 2000, but not in 1999. Cows grazing AS pastures had lower (P < 0.05) liver Cu concentrations at the end of the study period in 2000 compared to AN and C. In Exp. 2, 37 Cu-deficient heifers grazing AS fertilized pastures were obtained from the same location and allocated to one of two treatments, consisting of supplements providing 123 mg/d of either inorganic (Cu sulfate; n = 12) or organic (Availa-Cu; n = 15) Cu. Treatments were delivered for 83 d. Liver Cu increased over time in all heifers regardless of treatment; however, heifers supplemented with Availa-Cu tended (P = 0.09) to have higher mean liver Cu concentrations than those receiving Cu sulfate. The results of these studies indicate that AS fertilization of bahiagrass increases forage S concentrations. When provided free-choice access to a complete salt-based trace mineral supplement, cows grazing AS-fertilized pastures had lower liver Cu concentrations than cows grazing pastures fertilized with AN; upon removal from high-S pastures, cattle were able to respond to Cu supplementation.
Postpartum and lactating crossbred cows containing a percentage of Bos indicus breeding at three locations were studied to determine the efficacy of GnRH + PGF2alpha combinations for synchronization of estrus and(or) ovulation. Cows were equally distributed to each of three treatments by body condition score at the start of the experiment (d 0). All cows received 100 microg of GnRH on d 0 and 25 mg of PGF2alpha 7 d later. The three insemination protocols included 1) AI 12 h after exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 12 of the experiment (Select-Synch; n = 197); 2) timed-AI + 100 microg of GnRH on d 9 of the experiment (CO-Synch; n = 193); 3) AI 12 h after exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 10 of the experiment. Cows not exhibiting estrus by d 10 were timed-AI and injected with 100 microg of GnRH on d 10 of the experiment (Hybrid-Synch; n = 200). The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus during d 7 to 12 of the experiment was lower (P < 0.05) for CO-Synch (17.6%) cows than for Select-Synch or Hybrid-Synch (45.2 and 33.0%, respectively) cows, which did not differ (P > 0.05). For the Select-Synch and Hybrid-Synch cows that exhibited estrus during d 7 to 10 of the experiment and were artificially inseminated, conception rates were similar across treatments (50.5%). Pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.01) for CO-Synch and Hybrid-Synch (31.0 and 35.5%, respectively) cows than for Select-Synch (20.8%) cows. A greater (P < 0.01) percentage of cycling cows became pregnant (34.5%) than noncycling cows (25.9%) across all treatments. The CO-Synch and Hybrid-Synch synchronization protocols resulted in greater pregnancy rates compared with the Select-Synch protocol in postpartum and lactating crossbred cows containing a percentage of Bos indicus breeding.
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