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Anti-inflammatory substances used for treatment of pain and discomfort related to orthodontic treatment (OT) could slow down tooth movement. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are an alternative to conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study was to compare different coxibs on dental movement in the rat. Twenty-eight Wistar male rats (3 months old) divided into four experimental groups were studied: (1) Five rats underwent a 50 g coil spring implantation and received three injections of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) of Rofecoxib in the maxillary gingiva, close to the first molar, on the day of implantation and after 3 and 5 days. Similar procedures were carried out (2) on six animals receiving 8 mg/kg bw of Celecoxib and (3) on five animals receiving 25 mg/kg bw of Parecoxib. (4) For the controls, 12 rats received the same OT but only equivolumetric 0.9 per cent saline solution injections. Tooth movement was measured on lateral cranial teleradiographs after 10 days of treatment. Non-parametric standard techniques (Wilcoxon, H, and Mann-Whitney, U) were used for statistical analysis. Mesial tooth displacement in the control animals was 0.33 +/- 0.07 mm. While no movement was found in rats treated with Rofecoxib, the Celecoxib- and Parecoxib-treated rats showed tooth movement of 0.42 +/- 0.09 mm and 0.22 +/- 0.04 mm, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (H = 13.07; P < 0.004). Celecoxib and Parecoxib, but not Rofecoxib, seem appropriate for discomfort and pain relief while avoiding interference during tooth movement.

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Popular science has emphasized the risks of high sodium intake and many studies have confirmed that salt intake is closely related to hypertension. The present mini-review summarizes experiments about salt taste sensitivity and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) and other variables of clinical and familial relevance. Children and adolescents from control parents (N = 72) or with at least one essential hypertensive (EHT) parent (N = 51) were investigated. Maternal questionnaires on eating habits and vomiting episodes were collected. Offspring, anthropometric, BP, and salt taste sensitivity values were recorded and blood samples analyzed. Most mothers declared that they added "little salt" when cooking. Salt taste sensitivity was inversely correlated with systolic BP (SBP) in control youngsters (r = -0.33; P = 0.015). In the EHT group, SBP values were similar to control and a lower salt taste sensitivity threshold was found. Obese offspring of EHT parents showed higher SBP and C-reactive protein values but no differences in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Salt taste sensitivity was correlated with SBP only in the nonobese EHT group (N = 41; r = 0.37; P = 0.02). Salt taste sensitivity was correlated with SBP in healthy, normotensive children and adolescents whose mothers reported significant vomiting during the first trimester (N = 18; r = -0.66; P < 0.005), but not in "non-vomiter offspring" (N = 54; r = -0.18; nonsignificant). There is evidence for a linkage between high blood pressure, salt intake and sensitivity, perinatal environment and obesity, with potential physiopathological implications in humans. This relationship has not been studied comprehensively using homogeneous methods and therefore more research is needed in this field.

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SUMMARY1. Partly occluding the abdominal aorta between the renal arteries caused the rat to drink steadily increasing amounts of 2-7 % NaCl when this solution and water were available.2. The increase in NaCl intake preceded the increase in water intake that also occurred after aortic occlusion, and intakes of both fluids were reaching maximal values 1-2 weeks after operation. 3. The amounts of fluid drunk during the day increased greatly. This change in the pattern of drinking, together with the rise in fluid intake and the drop in food intake meant that drinking was less associated with feeding than it is in the normal rat.4. The rats went into fluid and electrolyte deficit within 24 h of partial aortic occlusion and remained in deficit for about a week (the duration of the balance experiment) despite increasing intakes of NaCl and water.5. Renal function was unimpaired during the first 2 weeks, and the abnormal signs were mainly and rapidly reversed by removal ofthe ischaemic kidney or administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril.6. Therefore polydipsia and increased sodium appetite in the first 2 weeks after aortic occlusion were likely to have been caused by fluid deficit, with increased renin secretion from the ischaemic kidney contributing to both behaviours.7. Arterial blood pressure rose immediately after aortic occlusion, before the onset of increased drinking. Up to 3 weeks after operation the incidence and severity of the hypertension did not appear to depend on the spontaneous changes in intake of water or hypertonic NaCl.