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Experiments to obtain further information about the meson component and the nucleonic component present in the atmosphere have been carried out near sea level, and in a B-29 aircraft flying at different altitudes and latitudes, using G-M counters simultaneously in delayed coincidence and in anticoincidence. A summary of the results obtained is given in Section V of this paper.* Assisted by the joint program of the ONR and AEC. Owing to unavoidable circumstances the manuscipt of the present paper, which was ready in October 1949, reached the Editor with a delay of several months. The writer wishes to apologize for omitting references to works which have appeared in these last months.f Now at