On the Disintegration of Negative Mesons

Conversi, M.; Pancini, E.; Piccioni, O.

doi:10.1103/physrev.71.209

Cited by 195 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The largest effect is due to the fact that the muons that reach the ground lose rapidly energy because of ionization and electromagnetic radiation processes, and decay practically at rest (or are captured by heavy nuclei [30]) producing only very low energy neutrinos. Pion energy losses are also very important for the calculation of the atmospheric ν fluxes.…”

Section: Energy Loss Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavor composition and energy spectrum of astrophysical neutrinos

2007

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The measurement of the flavor composition of the neutrino fluxes from astrophysical sources has been proposed as a method to study not only the nature of their emission mechanisms, but also the neutrino fundamental properties. It is however problematic to reconcile these two goals, since a sufficiently accurate understanding of the neutrino fluxes at the source is needed to extract information about the physics of neutrino propagation. In this work we discuss critically the expectations for the flavor composition and energy spectrum from different types of astrophysical sources, and comment on the theoretical uncertainties connected to our limited knowledge of their structure.

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Section: Energy Loss Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavor composition and energy spectrum of astrophysical neutrinos

2007

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“…My observation was confirmed just two weeks later by Occhialini and Powell in Bristol, who found six such events in the much improved C2 emulsions exposed on the Pic du Midi (2). I had heard, third hand, but not seen, the results from the famous 1946 experiment by Conversi, Pancini, and Piccioni in Rome at sea level (3). In those days, it took months for copies of the Physical Review to cross the Atlantic-they were sent by sea-and the prospect of contacting Rome University direct by telephone from the UK would have been quite hopeless.…”

Section: First Results With Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FROM PIONS TO PROTON DECAY: Tales of the Unexpected

Perkins

2005

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

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■ Abstract This account recalls early observations of elementary particles from cosmic ray experiments, using the nuclear emulsion technique. Discoveries in this field in the 1940s and 50s led to the development of high energy particle accelerators and associated detectors, resulting eventually in the observation of the quark and lepton constituents of matter and of the fundamental interactions between them, as described in the Standard Model. The concept of unification of the fundamental interactions led to the prediction of proton decay, and although this has not been observed, the unwanted background due to atmospheric neutrino interactions led to the discovery of neutrino oscillations and neutrino mass, and the first indications of new physics beyond that of the Standard Model. In all this research, unexpected developments have often played an important role. CONTENTS

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“…However, experiment [49] showed that the muon did not experience the strong interaction [50,51]. This suggested the muon was a heavier version of the electron, particularly as it was found to undergo the same processes as the electron with similar coupling constants [52,53].…”

Section: Three Types Of Neutrinomentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Antineutrino Oscillations with the MINOS Experiment

Devenish

Evans

2012

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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MINOS is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A manmade beam of predominantly muon neutrinos is detected both 1 km and 735 km from the production point by two functionally identical detectors. A comparison of the energy spectra measured by the two detectors shows the energy-dependent disappearance of muon neutrinos characteristic of oscillations and allows a measurement of the parameters governing the oscillations. This thesis presents work leading to measurements of disappearance in the 6% ν µ background in that beam.A calibration is developed to correct for time-dependent changes in the responses of both detectors, reducing the corresponding uncertainty on hadronic energy measurements from 1.8% to 0.4% in the near detector and from 0.8% to 0.4% in the far detector. A method of selecting charged current ν µ events is developed, with purities (efficiencies) of 96.5% (74.4%) at the near detector, and 98.8% (70.9%) at the far detector in the region below 10 GeV reconstructed antineutrino energy. A method of using the measured near detector neutrino energy spectrum to predict that expected at the far detector is discussed, and developed for use in the ν µ analysis. Sources of systematic uncertainty contributing to the oscillation measurements are discussed.In the far detector, 32 charged current ν µ events are observed below a reconstructed energy of 30 GeV, compared to an expectation of 47.8 for ∆m 2 atm = ∆m 2 atm , sin 2 (2θ 23 ) = sin 2 (2θ 23 ). This deficit, in such a low-statistics sample, makes the result difficult to interpret in the context of an oscillation parameter measurement. Possible sources for the discrepancy are discussed, concluding that considerably more data are required for a definitive solution. Running MINOS with a dedicated ν µ beam would be the ideal continuation of this work. AcknowledgementsWhen a piece of work takes four years to complete, far too many people play parts in its development to be thanked individually. However, certain people deserve specific mention for contributions without which the completion of this thesis would have been all the more difficult.First and foremost thanks go to my supervisor Giles Barr who guided me superbly through the process of learning to be a particle physics researcher. His perennially encouraging supervision and infectious enthusiasm for the subject benefited me hugely.The many members of the Oxford MINOS group who passed through during my time all deserve thanks. Alfons Weber could always be relied on to provide some insightful comments on any histogram. Nathaniel Tagg supervised me through my early work in the MINOS calibration group, his in-depth knowledge in that area proving invaluable. Jeff Hartnell was one of the driving forces behind the antineutrino analysis which forms the main part of this thesis, and our numerous conversations helped crystallise many of the ideas I present.I also shared my time at Oxford with Chris Backhouse, Anatael Cabrera, Katarzyna Grzelak, Phillip Litchfield, Paul Miyagawa, Robert Pittam, Tob...

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On the Disintegration of Negative Mesons

Cited by 195 publications

References 14 publications

Flavor composition and energy spectrum of astrophysical neutrinos

Flavor composition and energy spectrum of astrophysical neutrinos

FROM PIONS TO PROTON DECAY: Tales of the Unexpected

Measuring Antineutrino Oscillations with the MINOS Experiment

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