ABSTRACT. Authenticating multi-species original raw materials in commercial formulations is difficult. Jin Yin Hua and Shan Yin Hua, both classified as raw honeysuckle materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, are used in various medicines. Differentiating one variety from another is difficult based on chemical analysis. We developed molecular authentication of multi-species original honeysuckle in 3 brands of commercial tablets using allele-specific PCR. All 3 tablets contained both Jin Yin Hua and Shan Yin Hua. We also built a PCR-enzyme digestion method and enzymatic mutation detection in the PCR fragments of psbAtrnH and trnL-trnF, and the restriction endonucleases HinfI and NlaIV, respectively. The PCR-enzyme digestion method produced the same result as the allele-specific PCR. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses show that the tablets YXC and YQJ contained Lonicera japonica and L. macranthoides as original raw materials, and LYG contained L. japonica, L. hypoglauca, and L. macranthoides.
Plant morphogenesis is an intimate cooperation between environmental signals and a genetically-encoded developmental programme. Although all stages subsequent to floral induction may be influenced by daylength, the information available has come from diverse species during different morphogenetic events. This makes it difficult to investigate how photoperiodic signalling is integrated into various steps of the developmental programme. Here, we report that, in late japonica rice lines, morphogenetic events, including 12th leaf, axis of the main panicle, awn of the glum, anthers, elongation rate of internodes, and pollen fertility of the photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PGMS) rice, are significantly affected by daylength after panicle initiation. These data indicate that daylength affects many morphologic events, and that changes in morphology are mainly determined by the characteristics of the events themselves. These findings lay a foundation for future investigations into how potentially common photoperiodic signalling system(s) are integrated with diversified developmental events. In addition, we discussed the essential nature of PGMS rice.
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