Background Some studies have suggested antipsychotic-naive patients with nonaffective psychosis (NAP) have glucose intolerance. Aims To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of fasting glucose (FG), two hour values in the oral glucose tolerance test (2HG), fasting insulin concentration (INS), and insulin resistance (IR). Method We identified possibly relevant studies, then selected studies, following usual guidelines, with two authors reviewing the manuscripts. We required studies to include subjects with nonaffective psychosis and control subjects. Results There were 911 patients and 870 control subjects in the analysis of FG; their average ages were respectively 28.7 and 29.5 years. Significant differences were found for all four variables, with effect size estimates ranging from 0.21 to 0.58. Conclusions As a group, at the time of first clinical contact for psychosis, people with NAP have a slight increase in FG, which most of them maintain in the normal range despite a small increase in IR by secreting additional INS. When faced with a physiological challenge such as a glucose tolerance test or antipsychotics, they are no longer able to maintain a normal glucose concentration.

This article seeks to analyze the current state of scientific knowledge concerning critical thinking in nursing.The methodology used consisted of a scoping review of the main scientific databases using an applied search strategy. A total of 1518 studies published from January, 1999, to June, 2013, were identified, of which 90 met the inclusion criteria.The main conclusion drawn is that critical thinking in nursing is experiencing a growing interest both in the study of its concepts and its dimensions, as well as in the development of training strategies to further its development among both students and professionals.Furthermore, the analysis reveals that critical thinking has been investigated principally in the university setting independent of conceptual models, with a variety of instruments used for its measurement.We recommend the (i) investigation of critical thinking among working professionals,(ii) the designing of evaluative instruments linked to conceptual models, and (iii) the identification of strategies to promote critical thinking in the context of providing nursing care.

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The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of psychological ill-being among university nursing professors in Spain and determine their grade of positive mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to December 2013 with a sample of 263 university nursing professors. Sociodemographic and occupational variables, as well as variables related to daily habits and lifestyle, were collected. Psychological ill-being was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and positive mental health was evaluated with the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ). Prevalence of psychological ill-being (GHQ-12 score >2) among the sample was 27% (range = 21.8% to 32.6%), with a higher prevalence in teachers from first and second cycles (Bachelor's degree and Master's degree, respectively) and a lower prevalence in those having very satisfactory social relationships. Significant differences were found in relation to consumption of tranquilizer drugs and Bach flower remedies. PMHQ scores were lower among teachers with a GHQ-12 score >2. Participants presented a good level of positive mental health. Preventive policies should be applied with the aim of reducing psychological ill-being among professors and potentiating positive mental health. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55(7), 38-48.].

Over the past few decades there has been great interest in the study of cognitive processes, and specifically decision-making, from a cognitive perspective. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the scientific literature on the effect of decision training interventions/programs, from a cognitive perspective, on the decision-making of volleyball players. The systematic search was carried out in five scientific electronic databases according to PRISMA guidelines Web of Science (WOS), Pubmed (Medline), Scopus, SportDiscus and Google Scholar. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The main finding of the meta-analysis was that the use of decision-making training programs/interventions led to significant improvements in volleyball players’ decision-making (Standardized mean difference = 0.94 with 95% confidence interval from 0.63 to 1.25), compared to normal active volleyball training. In addition, the heterogeneity of the interventions was low (I2 = 0%). From the results of the studies analyzed, we recommend using decisional interventions or training, both as part of normal active training or complementary to it, to improve the decision-making of the players, thus optimizing their ability to perceive and process relevant stimuli, and then generate quick and effective responses. These findings can be useful in the process of sports training.

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En diciembre de 2019 se identificó en China una nueva subespecie de coronavirus al que denominaron SARS-CoV-2, responsable de la enfermedad posterior a la que la OMS llamó COVID-19. La enfermedad se ha propagado rápidamente provocando una pandemia mundial. Todavía se desconoce mucho del SARS-CoV-2, pero las primeras investigaciones respaldan la hipótesis de que la gravedad de la COVID-19 viene condicionada por la respuesta hiperinflamatoria que se produce en nuestro organismo al contacto con el SARS-CoV-2. La gravedad del cuadro se relaciona con la insuficiencia respiratoria que provoca, no obstante, existen estudios que no limitan la afectación pulmonar. Investigaciones apuntan a que el mecanismo de acceso del SARS-CoV-2 al organismo está muy relacionado con la enzima ACE2. Enzima que entre otros tejidos, se puede encontrar en el epitelio de las células tubulares renales. Esta es la causa por la que existen datos de pacientes con COVID-19 que tienen una gran afectación en la función renal y pueden cursar con IRA (factor de mal pronóstico). Por este motivo, unido a que las comorbilidades asociadas con una mayor mortalidad durante la infección COVID-19 son comunes en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, creemos necesario conocer los resultados que aportan los diferentes estudios realizados sobre esa materia.