Over the past few decades there has been great interest in the study of cognitive processes, and specifically decision-making, from a cognitive perspective. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the scientific literature on the effect of decision training interventions/programs, from a cognitive perspective, on the decision-making of volleyball players. The systematic search was carried out in five scientific electronic databases according to PRISMA guidelines Web of Science (WOS), Pubmed (Medline), Scopus, SportDiscus and Google Scholar. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The main finding of the meta-analysis was that the use of decision-making training programs/interventions led to significant improvements in volleyball players’ decision-making (Standardized mean difference = 0.94 with 95% confidence interval from 0.63 to 1.25), compared to normal active volleyball training. In addition, the heterogeneity of the interventions was low (I2 = 0%). From the results of the studies analyzed, we recommend using decisional interventions or training, both as part of normal active training or complementary to it, to improve the decision-making of the players, thus optimizing their ability to perceive and process relevant stimuli, and then generate quick and effective responses. These findings can be useful in the process of sports training.

<p>El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento de observación para medir la toma de decisiones en la acción de bloqueo, en jugadores de voleibol en etapas de formación. El instrumento elaborado se trata de una adaptación del GPAI (Oslin, Mitchell, &amp; Griffin, 1998), en el que se establecen una serie de criterios que permiten valorar la toma de decisiones (apropiada o inapropiada) en la acción de bloqueo. Para el proceso de diseño inicialmente se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para establecer los criterios de observación. La validez de contenido se estableció a nivel cualitativo (grado de comprensión y adecuación en la redacción, y pertinencia de las preguntas) y cuantitativo (valoración global, escala 0 a 10), a través del acuerdo y consenso de trece jueces expertos. Todos los ítems del instrumento final tenían una valoración por encima de .67 en el coeficiente <em>V de Aiken</em>. El instrumento creado en el presente estudio dispone de validez de contenido para evaluar la toma de decisiones en la acción de bloqueo de voleibol en categorías de formación.</p>

No abstract

The study aim was to examine the associations between the category of play and the factors athletes use to make appropriate decisions. We observed 6567 game actions performed by 144 athletes. All game actions involved appropriate decisions. The study variables were factors on which appropriate decision-making is based (for five game actions in volleyball: serve, reception, setting, attack, block) and game category (Under-14, Under-16, Under-19). Our analysis—using contingency tables, the Chi-square test, and Cramer’s V—revealed a significant association between the two variables across the five actions. In the U-14 category, and sometimes in the U-16 category, it was more frequent than the expected random frequency that appropriate decisions were of low tactical complexity, focused on the performance of the skill, with an attentional focus on close elements, of low risk, and with actions of reduced difficulty and precision. For the U-19 category, it was more frequent than the expected random frequency that decisions were of greater tactical complexity, with an attentional focus on the opposing team, considering more relevant stimuli, with greater risk, and with greater time pressure. There is, therefore, a need for coaches to understand the decision-making skills of athletes from early on, as this will allow them to develop tasks and apply cognitive strategies that are adapted to the level of the athlete and that can ultimately improve decision-making further.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las relaciones de la atención y el raciocínio visoespacial con el rendimiento deportivo, en el contexto de voleibol Participaron 159 jugadores de voleibol de alto nivel, de ambos sexos, con edad promedio de 21.60 años (DE= 4.11). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Bateria Psicológica de Evaluación de la Atención (BPA), Escala de Atención Selectiva Visual (EASV) y Test de los Cubos. El rendimiento deportivo fue medido utilizando el software Data Volley. Los resultados indican que los jugadores obtuvieron medias superiores a los patrones normativos de los manuales, en todas las pruebas, y sólo se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre los test y el rendimiento deportivo en el test BPA en la categoría juvenil, y en el Test de los Cubos en la categoría infanto. Los resultados de los test (BPA, EASV y Test de los Cubos) de forma general, y en categorías deportivas, no presentaron correlaciones significativas con el rendimiento deportivo.