This present study investigates the comparative study of iron and aluminum electrodes for the treatment of landfill leachate by the Batch Electrocoagulation (EC) technique. The performance of EC was used to determine the removal efficiency of COD and Color. The effects of operating conditions such as electrode material, stirring speed, inter-electrode distance, electrolysis time, initial pH, and applied voltage were studied to evaluate the performance of the electrode. The electrodes were arranged in a monopolar mode by applying different cell voltages of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 V for 180 min of electrolysis time (ET) with a varying inter-electrode distance between 1 and 4 cm. The iron and aluminum electrodes can be successfully used as anodes and cathodes for the treatment process, which makes the process more efficient and easier to maintain. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that there was an increase in BOD/COD ratio from 0.11 to 0.79. The maximum removal of COD and Color was found to be 76.5% and 67.2% respectively, accomplished with 105 min optimum electrolysis time with a pH of 9.25 using an iron electrode. In the case of the aluminum electrode, the BOD/COD ratio was increased from 0.11 to 0.66. Over 78.4% of COD and 77.0% of Color removal was obtained with 90 min optimum electrolysis duration and pH 9.3 with an optimum 10 V and an optimum inter-electrode distance of 1 cm. However, the aluminum electrode is superior to iron as a sacrificial electrode material in terms of Color and COD removal efficiency. The aluminum electrode significantly treated landfill leachate by the electrocoagulation method under optimum experimental conditions.
Removal of color from dye-bearing water has been a bothering task from the health point of view and in the aesthetic sense as well. Finding out the effectiveness of Remazole Red RGB dye removal is the aim of the present work using banana stem, an agricultural waste, as an activated carbon. The preparation of the banana stem activated carbon was done in the laboratory by carbonization followed by activation. To assess the impact of varied exploratory variables such as pH of adsorbate, contact time, initial dye concentration and dosage of adsorbent on the removal of Remazole Red RGB dye from aqueous solution adopting batch studies were performed. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used to predict the adsorption capacity of adsorbent at equilibrium conditions, the kinetic parameters were also determined. The concentration of dye remaining in the system was measured using a UV visible spectrometer. The batch test resulted in the removal of the maximum of 87% of dye when the dye concentration was 2 mg/L, at an adsorbent dose of 0.5 gm/L and dye pH 4 in 35 minutes. It is established from the studies that the equilibrium data suited excellently both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of 14.28 mg/L was established from the Langmuir isotherm model. To state the sorption kinetics, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were evaluated. The intraparticle diffusion model was checked for the adsorption data and it was observed that intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate-limiting step. The regression analysis results indicated that the linear regression model gave the best results. The above detection exhibits that banana stems can be used productively for the removal of color from dye-containing wastewater.
In vitro efficacy of seventeen new molecules of fungicides were evaluated against Bipolaris setariae causing leaf blight on browntop millet at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore in order to find out effective fungicide against B. setariae. Mancozeb, among the six contact fungicides recorded cent per cent inhibition over control at 500 and 1000 ppm with mean inhibition of 96.54 per cent. Among the six systemic fungicides tested at 50, 100 and 150 ppm, propiconazole exerted 100 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth followed by tebuconazole which accounted 100 per cent inhibition at 100 and 150 ppm with mean inhibition of 94.69 per cent and cymoxanil + mancozeb among the five combi-product fungicides tested (100, 250 and 500 ppm) exhibited maximum (79.01 %) mean inhibition of mycelial growth. Among all groups, tricyclazole was found to be least effective.
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