The objective of this article is to determine the factors that contribute to separatism in different countries of the world, as well as to find those means (forms and methods) of counteraction that would lead to an effective and preferably painless solution to such problems. The subject matter of the analysis in this article is social relations that are associated with counteracting the tendencies of separatism in the modern world, as well as the legal basis of such opposition. The following methods of scientific cognition were used while writing the article: systematic approach, logical, semantic, documentary, comparative and legal method. The urgent nature of the research problem has been noted, since the problem of the emergence of separatist movements is quite real for every country in the world. The definitions of the terms of “opposition to separatism” and “legal basis of opposition to separatism” have been offered. Suggestions in regard to overcome this negative phenomenon in a particular state have been provided. Factors that are the “catalysts” of separatism tendencies have been distinguished and stated in details. The historically recorded separatist movements and methods of overcoming them have been analyzed. The authors have made the conclusion about the individual causes and manifestations of separatism in a particular state. It has been proved that the existence of individual features associated with separatism, complicates to a large extent the creation of unique methods to combat this socio-political phenomenon. The authors have emphasized on the urgent need to improve the regulatory base of Ukraine on combating and preventing separatism, in particular, to develop and implement effective preventive, punitive and restorative mechanisms.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the construction and functioning of the US military justice system in order to use the positive experience during the reform of the law enforcement and judicial system of Ukraine with the aim of adapting it to the standards of EU and NATO member states, taking into account its own historical experience and traditions.
The article highlights the historical origins and practice of using the suspension of sentence execution for military servicemen and conscripts in the conditions of martial law introduced during the Second World War. Such an opportunity was given to convicts who expressed a desire to participate in combat operations as part of Red Army units (from July to September 1942 – penal battalions and companies), as well as to persons of draft age who were under investigation. The chronological limits cover the first year of application of the suspension practice. The lower limit is June 22, 1941, the date of the introduction of martial law, the upper limit is determined by the time of the creation of penal units in the Red Army, which became the place of service for “suspendees”.
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