Summary Cancer of the oesophagus was a rare disease in the South African black population until the last few decades. Increases in incidence have occurred and at present it is the commonest cancer in black men in many parts of South Africa. A case-control study of 200 oesophageal cancer patients and 391 hospital controls has been carried out in order to determine the risk factors in the urban black population of Soweto. The results indicate that the cancer patients were long-term urban residents from a very low socio-economic group. The association between smoking pipe tobacco and oesophageal cancer previously noted in South Africa is confirmed. In addition, consumption of traditional beer was found to be a major risk factor.

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To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a high-dose mitoxanuniquely steep dose-response curve in clonogenic assays with trone-based induction regimen without consolidation therapy ovarian cancer and leukemic cells. 8,9 In a preliminary study had, for the most part, concluded that tolerance to dose-intenoccurred in 11 patients, three in the high-dose and eight in the sive induction therapy was poor in elderly patients, 11,12 our low-dose arm. Actuarial median survival was 6 months for the low-dose and 9 months for the high-dose group, and the experience suggested that the high-dose mitoxantrone inducrespective relapse-free survival is 3 and 5 months. The tion used in the study might be more acceptable to older indiobserved differences in outcome were not statistically signifividuals, while resulting in improved antileukemic activity. mg/m 2 ) mitoxantrone in combination with a fixed dose of

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