The purpose of this study was to: 1) identify alternative institutional arrangements applicable to the sensitive steps in the back-end of the fuel cycle that might reduce their associated proliferation risks; and 2) assess their advantages and disadvantages from the standpoint of nonproliferation effectiveness and political , economic , and operational acceptability. The concept of international or multinational custody of sensitive materials and facilities was found to offer a high degree of proliferation resistance and to likely be more acceptable to prospective participants than other institutional arrangements that intrude upon proprietary areas , such as facility ownership and management.
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