The effect of green and brown seaweeds supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum lipid profile and antioxidant capacity was evaluated in Japanese quails. Five groups of Japanese quails (total = 180; 120 hens + 60 males) of 10 wks old were fed on diets without or with green (GS) and brown (BS) seaweeds, each at 1.5 and 3% for 14 weeks. Results indicate that GS and BS supplementation significantly improved egg-laying rate and increase egg number, egg weight and egg mass and decrease feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, feed consumption (FC) was not significantly affected by experimental treatments. The GS and BS supplemented groups led to improve the eggshell thickness, also helped to improve the egg yolk weight, index and color compared to the control. Supplementing dried GS and BS significantly decreased the value of Haugh unit, total lipids and total cholesterol content of egg yolk as well as displayed higher fertility and hatchability percentages than those of the control group. Quails received dried GS and BS treatments had a higher dressing percentage and a lesser percentage of abdominal fat compared to the control group. Serum total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL values were significantly decreased compared to the control. There were significant effects on enzymatic antioxidant activity of blood serum (malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). It is concluded that green and brown seaweeds supplementation can improve egg-laying performance and had a positive effect on fertility and hatchability values and resulted in significant reduction in total lipids and total cholesterol in the serum and yolk while enhancing total antioxidant capacity in blood serum as well as positively affecting economic parameters. Thus, these results suggested that green and brown seaweeds can be used safely as a feed additive in diets for laying Japanese quail.
Salinity is an important abiotic stress limiting alfalfa "Medicago sativa, L." production. Thus, finding out genotypes have high salt tolerance with high germination, early season growth and productivity became an urgent need. Commonly, counting of germination after seven days from sowing, that, reflected emergence of seedling, was clearly distinguishing salt-tolerant population as Makka, Rammah1, Nubaria1, and Sohage, in all studied four salinity gradients. Also, counting after 21 days which indicates establishment, supported the former findings with additional prove of law salinity tolerance of Pakistani population. Sohage and Egaseed cultivars, scored about 70 cm of plant height under low salinity level (4.0ds/m) and both of Italian and Australian cultivars, gave as low as about 45 cm of plant height under the high level of salinity (10.50 ds/m). Sohage, Siwa 1 and Nubaria 1, significantly exhibited the heaviest stem weight (5.37, 5.34 and 5.29 g/stem, respectively). While the least significant stem dry weight was recorded by any of Australian and Italian cultivars (4.34 and 3.32 g/ stem, respectively). Makka cultivar significantly maintained superiority in root dry weight (9.12 g. plant -1 ), followed by Sohage cultivar (8.66 g. plant -1 ). The highest plant dry weight was obtained from any of Siwa 2, Frafra, and Sohage cultivars, when sown in 4.0 ds/m salinity level (1.05, 1.15 and 1.14 g. plant -1 , respectively). The least plant dry weight was recorded by Italian cultivar sown in salinity of 10.5 ds/m (0.57 g. plant -1 ).
The current study reported important characteristic features of the 4‐[(4‐aminophenyl)‐(4‐imino‐3‐methylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐ylidene)methyl]aniline hydrochloride known as fuchsin basic dye (FB). The thermal decomposition behavior of the dye was scrutinized through thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Besides, the acid dissociation constants of FB were evaluated by analyzing its electronic spectra at different pH values. In addition, a docking study was also carried out to investigate the binding affinity between the FB dye and two selected proteins (3t88 and 1bqb) of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The docked complex of the dye with the target proteins exhibits moderate scoring energy values (−5.2025 and −5.5762 kcal/mol where the receptors are bonded to the dye through H‐bonds of lengths that are less than 3.5 Å. The dye was also tested for its antimicrobial activity against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacterial species. The results revealed moderate to good activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes species compared to amoxicillin 0.1 % as a reference control.
This study was carried out at in the Agricultural Experimental Farm of Alexandria University during 1996 -98 seasons. The main objectives of the study were determing the genetic effects that control yield, yield components, plant height and silking date in maize. Two crosses were used for applying Gamble model (1962). One of the two crosses represented early maturing parents, whereas, the second included full season parents. Data from parents, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were used in the analysis. The main results of the study were; 1.Heterotic effects were positive and significant for most characters in both crosses except for silking date in both crosses and ear height in cross II relative to the high parent, over-dominance was responsible for heterotic effects of grain yield and its components in both crosses. 2.Negative heterotic effects were found for silking date suggesting fruitful selection for earlier hybrids from in these populations. 3.Dominance effects were significant for most characters except for, silking date in cross II. Also, additive effects were significant except for ear height in cross I. Epistatic effects were found responsible and significant for most of the studied traits. 4.Heritability estimates for all studied characters ranged between high estimates for grain yield/plant, ear length, ear diameter and ear height in both crosses through moderate estimates for plant height and 100kernels weight in cross II to low estimates for silking date in cross I. 5.Estimates of heritability were reflected on expected genetic advance from selection within F2,.The present estimates of genetic gain of selection are expected to be higher than anticipated due to the presence of epistasis. However, they showed that the selection would be effective in improving grain yield in both populations. The first cross is recommended for the breeder interesting in developing high yielding earlier synthetics.
Two field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of Alexandria University, during the two summer seasons of 1996 and 1997. Each experiment included sixteen maize (Zea maize, L.) cultivars consisting of eight single crosses, seven three-way crosses and one synthetic open-pollinated cultivar. The studied treatments included Four management regimes. These were; 40,000 plants/ha + 150 Kg N/ha, 60,000 plants/ha + 150Kg N/ha, 40,000 plants /ha + 300 kg N/ha and 60,000 plants /ha + 300 kg N/ha. Split plot design in three replicates was used.The obtained results showed that , grain yield and most of its components were highly significantly affected by the management regimes. The top yielding regime was (60,000 plants/ha + 300 kg N/ha)) with an average across the two seasons of 9.33 t/ha, in comparison with 4.47 t/ha for the low yielding regime (40,000 plants/ha + 150 Kg N/ha). The other two studied regimes were intermediate in grain yield.The maximum grain yield obtained from (60,000 plants/ha + 300 Kg N/ha) regime was mainly due to its high number of plants/ha which reached at harvest about 150% of that obtained with 40,000 plants/ha. However, that increase in number of plants was associated with a slight decrease in yield components namely; number of ears/plant, kernel weight and ear size (length x diameter). This study obviously indicated that maize hybrid, S.C.10. was consistently the top yield one in the two seasons, while the high yielding hybrids, S.C. "Bachear 13", S.C. 124 and S.C. 129, Fluctuated in their rank across the two seasons. The high yielding hybrids were characterized by heavier kernel weight and larger ear size (length x diameter).Although the interaction between cultivars and management regimens was significant, this interaction did not effect the rank of the cultivars. The correlation coefficient between the mean yield at the eight environments ranged between 0.883 to 0.987 and were highly significant from zero. This would indicate that cultivar rank was consistent at the eight environments. In the future one regime would be enough to predict the yield potentiality of the different cultivars. The significant interaction might be due to magnitude of the different between the cultivars rather than their rank. The recent results would suggest that regime 4 (60,000 plants/ha + 300 kg N/ha) would be recommended for the evaluation of the cultivars for both the high and low productive level.
Comparison of single trait of selection (total green forage yield) via combining ability test, with multiple trait selection (total green forage yield, dry weight of root nodules and seed yield ) by using independent culling levels or Index selection for the improvement of barseen clover (Trifolium alexandrinum, L.) were obtained from 100 polycrosses isolated from a base population represented the second generation of random mating for a seed synthetic composed from 23 farmer's seed lots of Meskawi (Multi-cut) type. Selection intensity was 10% for the three systems. Selection for multiple trait was significantly much rewarding than single trait selection. A realized
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