SUMMARYRate form constitutive equations of elasto-viscoplastic type are expressed in a manner similar to that of classical metals, but the viscoplastic part, which is no longer incompressible, is related to the rate of variation of porosity. An incremental and implicit algorithm has been implemented in a finite element program in order to simulate hot isostatic pressing of an Astroloy powder. Temperature distributions are shown to induce strong density variations in real parts during hot isostatic pressing (HIP). For one particular turbine disk, we tested the sensitivity of the final shape to different processing parameters. Computed final shapes compare well with experimental ones.

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SUMMARYThis paper addresses the problem of thermo-elastic deflection in beams using a two-dimensional finite element idealization of the cross-section. Bending effects are introduced in a generalized plane strain formulation assuming that constant curvature dominates the flexural deformation. The method leads to a plane strain calculation which is very interesting from the computational point of view; thermal dependence of the physical properties can be taken into account, which would be inconceivable in a three-dimensional problem.