Marine bivalves belonging to the Mytilidae and Pectinidae Families were used in this research. The specific objectives of this study were: to determine the Fatty Acids (FAs) of mitochondrial gill membranes in bivalves with different lifespans, belonging to the same family, and to calculate their peroxidation index; to compare the levels of ROS generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyls in the mitochondria of gills, in vitro, during the initiation of free-radical oxation; to investigate whether the FAs of mitochondria gill membranes affect the degree of their oxidative damage and the maximum lifespan of species (MLS). The qualitative membrane lipid composition was uniform in the studied marine bivalves, regardless of their MLS. In terms of the quantitative content of individual FAs, the mitochondrial lipids differed significantly. It is shown that lipid matrix membranes of the mitochondria of long-lived species are less sensitive to in vitro-initiated peroxidation compared with the medium and short-lived species. The differences in MLS are related to the peculiarities of FAs of mitochondrial membrane lipids.
The volume of nanoparticles (NPs) used in various sectors of human life is steadily increasing. Due to their unique properties, silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are widely used in industrial production. However, their ecotoxicological effect on marine biota is extremely poorly understood. To highlight this problem, experiments were conducted with short-term SiO2 NPs exposure to the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis sperm, and a 6-day exposure to the adult bivalve mollusk Mytilus trossulus. SiO2 NPs exposure caused an increase in the concentration of Si in the digestive gland of the mollusk, resulting in DNA damage increase. Exposure to all NPs concentrations caused DNA damage to increase but did not affect the sperm fertilization ability. It was found that the DNA is a target in both chronic and acute SiO2 NPs exposure.
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