It is therefore postulated that the hybrid gene is responsible for the weak expression of C in these individuals. The hybrid gene carried a Leu62Phe substitution, as well as the Leu245Val substitution responsible for VS. The gene most probably cosegregates with a C allele encoding Cys 16 (normally encoded only by the C allele) and Val245 (responsible for VS antigenicity when encoded by the RHCE gene). This explains the combination of weak expression of C and VS positivity that is frequently found in blacks.

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The multiplex PCR assay is reliable in determining genotypes in people who have the D+ and partial D phenotypes as well as in discovering people with new D variants. Because the multiplex PCR is directed at six regions of RHD, the chance of discrepancies is markedly reduced. The entire analysis can be performed in one reaction mixture, which results in higher speed, higher accuracy, and the need for smaller samples. This technique might be of great value in prenatal RHD genotyping.

SummaryIt has been reported that blood trombopoietin (TPO) levels can discriminate between thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. With our TPO ELISA and a glycocalicin ELISA we analysed a large group of patients in detail and could confirm and amplify the above notion in detail.TPO levels were determined in plasma from 178 clinically and serologically well-defined thrombocytopenic patients: 72 patients with idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP), 29 patients with secondary AITP, 5 patients with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and 72 patients who suffered from various diseases (46 in whom megakaryocyte deficiency was not and 26 in whom it was expected). In addition, we measured the level of glycocalicin as a marker of total body mass of platelets.In all patients with primary AITP and secondary AITP, TPO levels were within the normal range or in some (n = 7) cases only slightly increased. The level of glycocalicin was not significantly different from that of the controls (n = 95). The patients with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia had strongly elevated TPO levels and significantly decreased glycocalicin levels. Similarly, among the 72 thrombocytopenic patients with various disorders, elevated TPO levels were only found in patients in whom platelet production was depressed. The mean level of glycocalicin in these patients was decreased compared to that in controls and patients with AITP, but was not as low as in patients with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.In conclusion, all patients with depressed platelet production had elevated levels of circulating TPO, whereas the TPO levels in patients with an immune-mediated thrombocytopenia were mostly within the normal range. Therefore, measurement of plasma TPO levels provides valuable diagnostic information for the analysis of thrombocytopenia in general.Moreover, treatment with TPO may be an option in AITP.

The first step in Haemophilus influenzae infections is the adherence of the bacteria to oropharyngeal epithelial cells. Those strains which adhere are also able to agglutinate human red cells. All adult erythrocyte samples were agglutinated by H. influenzae, but cord erythrocytes were negative. Subsequent testing of selected adult erythrocytes showed that the Anton antigen was essential for haemagglutination by H. influenzae from cerebrospinal fluid and sputum. This was shown by direct agglutination of Anton positive cells and inhibition studies using three anti‐Anton sera.

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