The article presents a modern view on functional activities of astrocytes during physiological processes, describes the morphological characteristics of the isolated subpopulations of astrocytic cells of the human brain: interlami-nar, protoplasmic, astrocytes with varicose projection (varicose astrocytes), polarized and fibrous. Interlaminar astrocytes of the I cortical layer of the hu-man brain characterize by long processes that penetrate up to IV cortical layer, and short processes that form the glia pial limitans. A characteristic feature of protoplasmic astrocytes is a wide highly branched network of short processes and domain organization. Polarized astrocytes and astrocytes with with vari-cose projection, which found in V–VI cortical layers of neocortex, have long processes that penetrate into the upper cortical layers of human brain, provid-ing interlaminar intercellular interconnection. The article also noted the cellular specificity of immunohistochemical markers used to visualize astrocytes. We noted the cellular specificity of immunohistochemical markers used for visualization of astrocytes.
The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in the elastic fibers and the expression features of elastinbinding protein-1, lysyl oxidase-1, and tetraspanin CD151 in the invasive ductal breast cancer tissues before and after chemotherapy courses. The study included 34 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group had surgical resection of the tumor before chemotherapy, and the second group had surgical resection of the residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The frequency of elastic fibers accumulations around the ducts in patients without chemotherapy was significantly higher (61.1 %) than that in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (25.0 %). After chemotherapy, the expression of elastin-binding protein-1 changed: the proportion of patients with a strong expression of this protein in tumor cells after chemotherapy increased (62.5 %) in comparison to patients without chemotherapy (16.8 %). The combined cytoplasmic and/or membrane expression of elastin-binding protein-1 in the tumor cells predominated in the second group compared with diffuse cytoplasmic expression (55.0 %) in tumor cells of patients of the first group.
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