The pathophysiology of heterotopic periarticular ossification is not understood.Though local agents may be responsible, factors present in the serum may be contributory. Sera from 4 paraplegic patients with heterotopic ossification and 4 'normal' paraplegics were incubated with human osteoblasts in tissue culture and their metabolic acitivy was measured quantitatively. There were significantly greater levels of osteoblast stimulating factors present in the sera of ossifying patients, (p < 0.01). These factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification.
3p Riemann & Pilwat, 1976, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 436, 460). We have studied the characteristics in vitro and in vivo of 'ghosts' prepared by this method using a specially constructed apparatus in order to compare these cellular carriers with those prepared by iso-osmotic lysis and to find the optimum preparative technique for cellular carriers for future clinical therapeutic application.Washed erythrocytes from humans or beagle dogs were suspended in iso-osmotic phosphate-buffered potassium chloride (celi/buffer ratio 1 :9, O°C; pH 7·4), placed between plate electrodes 1 cm apart and subjected to electric field pulses of various voltages (2-20 kV) at various capacities (1-4 ,uF).
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