1. A trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary vitamin E content, age and sex on haematological indices and liver enzymes of Japanese quails. A total of 800 1-d-old quail chicks were assigned at random into 4 equal groups and fed on starter and layer diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 10 times the NRC recommended supplements of vitamin E. No selenium was added to the basal deficient diets; the other diets were supplied with 0.2 mg selenium/kg diet. 2. The investigation covered the age span of 3 to 12 weeks in female and male birds. Blood samples were collected at 3-week intervals and tested for haematological indices (erythrocyte count; leucocyte count; susceptibility of erythrocytes to haemolysis; haemoglobin concentration (Hb); packed cell volume (PCV); and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)) and liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase, AST, and glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px). 3. The significant differences between the 4 dietary treatments indicated that as the levels of selenium and/or vitamin E increased, the percentage of erythrocytes haemolysed and AST activity decreased, whereas Hb and GSH-Px concentrations increased. 4. Differences between age groups showed that older quails had higher erythrocyte susceptibility to haemolysis, higher AST levels and but lower erythrocyte count and PCV. 5. Females had lower erythrocyte haemolysis and higher Hb concentrations than males. 6. The interaction between dietary groups and age groups revealed that the differences between age groups were reduced as the level of selenium and/or vitamin E increased, leading to similar group means over the age period of study. 7. In conclusion, NRC recommended supplements of vitamin E (12 and 25 mg/kg diet) were not adequate. Doses equal to, at least, 5 times that recommended were advised to improve GSH-Px (index of antioxidant status) and Hb concentrations.
Introduction: Cyclosporine A (CsA) plays a confounding role in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. It is a widely used in pediatric nephrology practice for the treatment of patients with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Aim of the study: To assess hearing defects in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), before and after receiving CsA for 6 months. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted on 25 pediatric patients with SDNS and SRNS in pediatric nephrology clinic, Children's hospital, Ain Shams University, were trialed to evaluate hearing defects before and after receiving CsA for 6 months. Patients were subjected to history taking and basic audiological evaluation before and 6 months after initiation of CsA treatment. Results: Valid cases showed that the average mean hearing threshold shows non-significant changes before and after six months of cyclosporine A treatment with (p= 0.954) at 250 Hz, (p= 0.868) at 500 Hz, (p= 0.473) at 1000 Hz, (p= 0.680) at 2000 Hz, (p= 0.535) at 4000 Hz and (p= 0.865) at 8000 Hz respectively. There was no correlation between age, weight, height, age at first clinical presentation, duration of corticosteroid intake, regarding average of hearing before and after six months of cyclosporine A treatment. Concerning speech and language evaluation, all patients had bilateral excellent speech discrimination before and after CsA treatment. Immitancemetry showed bilateral type A tympanogram reflecting normal middle ear pressure in all patients before and after CsA treatment. Conclusion:CsA cause no hearing impairment effect on patients with SDNS and SRNS after 6 months of administration. We may suggest that there is no sufficient evidence to consider routine audiological assessment in children with SDNS and SRNS treated with CsA.
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