A simple method and technique for handling, storing and utilizing of biogas have been done. SI engine was modified to power a water pump for irrigation by using 100% biogas as fuel (gasoline starting). A gas mixing device was designed to meter biogas into air stream of amount dictated by the engine speed and the load to obtain a proper proportion of biogas and air that burn for SI engine operation. An inner tube of tractor tire was used for storing and handling biogas from the biogas digester to the engine-pump site. It was filled up with biogas by using a modified passenger car compressor.Biogas was analyzed to determine CO2 percentage by using alkaline Ca(OH)2. The average percentage of CH4 and CO2 were found to be approximately 69.6% and 30.4%, respectively. The calorific value of biogas was calculated and found to be 29360.7 kJ/ m 3 . A comparison between biogas and the liquid fuel (kerosene and gasoline) was made. The results showed that at 2500 rpm engine speed, specific energy consumption under biogas mode was decreased by an average of 80.3% and 79% when compared to gasoline and kerosene mode of operation, respectively. The total pump efficiency of biogas operation was about 58%.
Sesame is an important crop for the production of oil especially in newly reclaimed lands of Egypt. A machine for pelleting the small and light sesame seeds was designed and constructed in a laboratory scale to change the shape and size of sesame seeds enlarging the seed by a pellet which more heavier, size and rounder to facilitate sowing sesame seeds by planters. Some of the most important operational parameters were investigated, whereas, rotating speed of the pelleting pan affected the physical pellet properties. Rotating speed of 30 rpm showed the greatest pellet weight, sphericity percentage and true density. Out of three different quantities (100, 250 and 500g) of seeds per run during pelleting process, 250 g showed maximum pellet axial dimensions, pellet volume and weight. Ratio between pelleting material added to the pan during run and seed quantity was considered, whereas, ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 were investigated. Maximum pellet axial dimensions and maximum pellet sphericity percentage were obtained when a ratio of 20:1 was applied. The lowest adhesive material concentration (5 %) showed a distinguished pellet size, volume and weight when compared to higher concentration. On the other hand, small quantity of 50 mm 3 adhesive solution per 500 g pelleting material gave maximum pellet volume and weight, however, the maximum quantity of (150 mm 3 / 500 g pelleting material) gave the greatest sphericity percentage of 76.33%. Ratio of pelleting material components (pentonite / lime) showed that a ratio of 75% Pentonite: 25% lime gave maximum pellet dimensions, volume and weight, while a ratio of 0% Pentonite: 100% lime showed maximum sphericity percentage. Maximum contact stress and cutting strength decreased with increasing the geometric diameter of the pelleted seeds for all investigated parameters. Both germination and vigor percentages of pelleted seeds were decreased when compared with untreated seeds. Meanwhile, germination rate of pelleted seeds increased when compared with untreated seeds. Therefore, germination and vigor of high quality sesame seeds did not enhanced by pelleting process, while rate of germination remarkably increased when seeds were pelleted perior planting. Pellet dimensions, volume and sphericity are the major variables had a remarkable relation with germination and vigor percentages.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.