No abstract

The metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) materials are increasingly gaining attraction to utilise into biomedical applications. MOFs are playing a major role to harnessing dual or multiple modalities in therapeutics and diagnostics. MOFs are mostly devised for particular biomedical application by post-synthetic functionalization or modification using variety of polymers, bio-ligands, and silica coating processes. This article presents a brief overview of two particular areas of biomedical applications where a broad range of MOFs have been used: (1) variety of drug delivery including intracellular drug delivery systems using the MOFs-based carriers; and, (2) development of MOFs-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance image enhancement. Biocompatibility, bio-toxicity, tissue responses, cell viability, cellular uptakes, and, how the effects of size, shape, structural, and morphological properties of the MOFs impact on the utilities in drug delivery and as MRI contrast agents, are discussed. Perspectives, insights and critical reflections into a range of aspects, and future outlook are illustrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1184-1194, 2017.

No abstract

The Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) forms the second-largest single-species marine fishery in Bangladesh and therefore has a significant impact on the local economy, providing employment, food, and nutrition to thousands of people. Despite the immense importance, this fishery has never been a priority for the relevant regulatory authorities. To enhance the sustainability of this fishery, an effective management policy based on the scientific evaluation of the current stock’s status is urgently required. Therefore, this study used three methodological approaches (traditional size structure-based stock assessment to reveal current exploitation status; the length-based stock potential ratio (LB-SPR) to evaluate the stock’s spawning biomass; and Froese’s sustainability indicators for sustainable fishing) to conduct a thorough assessment of the Bombay duck stock to establish basic standards for the sustainable management of this fishery. The results revealed that this fishery is presently suffering from overexploitation and the stock’s spawning biomass (SPR = 8%) is below the limit reference point because of the juvenile-oriented fishing behavior of the fishery. Based on the outputs, this study recommended the mesh size regulation of the set bag nets (SBNs) (5 cm mesh size for the codend) to ensure not to catch immature fishes with a length equal to or smaller than 17.95 cm; and reduce the existing number of SBNs by half to reduce fishing pressure on the stock to ensure the sustainability of this fishery.

No abstract