Metal‐organic‐frameworks for biomedical applications in drug delivery, and as MRI contrast agents

Abstract

The metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) materials are increasingly gaining attraction to utilise into biomedical applications. MOFs are playing a major role to harnessing dual or multiple modalities in therapeutics and diagnostics. MOFs are mostly devised for particular biomedical application by post-synthetic functionalization or modification using variety of polymers, bio-ligands, and silica coating processes. This article presents a brief overview of two particular areas of biomedical applications where a broad range of MOFs have been used: (1) variety of drug delivery including intracellular drug delivery systems using the MOFs-based carriers; and, (2) development of MOFs-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance image enhancement. Biocompatibility, bio-toxicity, tissue responses, cell viability, cellular uptakes, and, how the effects of size, shape, structural, and morphological properties of the MOFs impact on the utilities in drug delivery and as MRI contrast agents, are discussed. Perspectives, insights and critical reflections into a range of aspects, and future outlook are illustrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1184-1194, 2017.

Proton Conductivity of Composite Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications

“…This tunable functionality of MOFs in combination with high porosity and surface area makes the attractive for applications involving interaction with guest species . The chemistry of MOF compounds has received a huge attention over the last decade for their application in many fields of material chemistry such as gas adsorption and separation, biomedical application, catalysis and for electro‐optical devices . Among the several uses, a wide variety of MOFs have been investigated for their potential opportunity in ion and proton conductivity .…”

Polymer/Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

“…On the other hand, regarding imaging applications, MOFs can be modified with chemical groups and uniquely affect the delivery of contrast imaging agents [22]. Moreover, MOFs have the advantage of acting simultaneously as MRI contrast agents and drug carriers, serving both purposes of diagnosis and therapy [23]. As can be understood, the use of MOFs in biomedical applications offers serious advantages to scientists in the fields of diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.…”

Metal Organic Framework@Polysilsesequioxane Core/Shell-Structured Nanoplatform for Drug Delivery

“…Although they are in the early stages of development [11,12], MOFs, wherein metal ions or clusters link organic ligands into porous materials, have shown great promise as a novel nanomedicine platform due to its large surface area, adjustable pore size, tunable host-guest interaction, and versatile functionality [13,14]. Preliminary biomedical applications of MOFs have focused on their use as delivery vehicles for molecular therapeutics and as viable contrast agents for optical imaging, multimodal imaging or X-ray computed tomography imaging [15,16]. In particular, MOFs are very promising nanoscale drug carriers due to their high molecule loading and easy functionalization [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, x 2 of 15 as viable contrast agents for optical imaging, multimodal imaging or X-ray computed tomography imaging [15,16]. In particular, MOFs are very promising nanoscale drug carriers due to their high molecule loading and easy functionalization [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”