У статті досліджено потенціал екологічного туризму в регіонах України на основі тестування екологічних кривих Кузнеця (ЕКК), побудованих через співвідношення викидів в атмосферне повітря на кв. км регіону та валового регіонального продукту на душу населення. Показником туристичного потенціалу регіону вибрано валову додану вартість за такими видами економічної діяльності, як мистецтво, спорт, розваги та відпочинок і тимчасове розміщення та організація харчування (за період 2005–2018 рр. у приведених цінах). За наведеним показником вибрано Дніпропетровську, Львівську, Одеську області, як такі, що мають найвищу частку ВДВ за зазначеними видами економічної діяльності, а також побудовано ЕКК за даними в середньому по Україні. Більш ранній період проходження поворотної точки ЕКК в регіоні дає змогу зробити висновок про стійкість тенденції до екологічної переорієнтації населення. Доведено, що екотуризм має перспективи розвитку лише після досягнення певного рівня валового регіонального продукту і, відповідно, отримання населенням певного рівня прибутку, який і дає змогу поширитися стійким «зеленим» тенденціям у сфері організації відпочинку. За результатами дослідження зроблено висновок, що Дніпропетровська та Львівська області, а також Україна загалом пройшли поворотну точку на початку другої половини досліджуваного періоду (2012–2015 рр.), і лише Одеська область характеризується найбільш стійкими тенденціями до екологізації туризму у зв’язку з проходженням поворотної точки ЕКК у 2009 р. Тенденції ЕКК для Львівської області збігаються із середніми по Україні. Особливості ЕКК Дніпропетровської області зумовлені вищим рівнем ВРП на душу населення, який відображає проходження поворотної точки ЕКК (44 650 грн на душу населення проти середнього показника по Україні 32 002 грн на душу населення). Відповідно, доведено наявність соціальних та ринкових передумов для активного розвитку екологічного туризму в Україні та найбільших її туристичних регіонах. Перспективи подальших досліджень полягають у підвищенні специфікації ЕКК через розширення переліку викидів шкідливих речовин, а також конкретизації напрямів регіональної екологічної політики у сфері стимулювання та поширення екотуризму.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists related to competitiveness as a priority economic factor of sustainable development and functioning of the tourist enterprise in a changing environment, materials of specialized scientific conferences and symposia. The article considers and highlights the problems of competitiveness of the tourist enterprise as a separate subject of research. It is revealed that the recent strategic changes, which are the key to creating future competitive advantages, are the result of ensuring the long-term development of the tourist enterprise in the relevant competitive economic conditions. It is shown that the most acute problem of assessing the level of competitiveness of a tourist enterprise is the lack of information about competitors, which leads to incomplete analysis, the use of subjective scores, high financial and time costs to conduct a study of competitiveness. The main competitive strategies of the enterprise which allow to win in struggle against competitors are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the need to develop stages of systematic study of the competitiveness of tourism enterprises, which will allow to characterize the level of their competitiveness, even in conditions of information lack. The obtained results of the research are the basis for the scientific substantiation of the process of managing the competitiveness of tourist services (goods), which is one of the sub-goals of managing the competitiveness of the enterprise and should be subordinated to it. The results of the study are the basis for effective strategic management of tourism enterprises of Ukraine, capable of enhancing the competitiveness of the industry.
The article is devoted to the exploration of theoretical and methodological aspects of the communication culture as an important factor in building interpersonal relationships, particularly in the professional service sphere. Modern trends and features of business communications in connection with crisis phenomena affecting the field of tourism and hospitality are summarized. The authors substantiated the relevance of international etiquette and features of the modern system of business communications in the service sector. Prospective directions are highlighted, the implementation of which would ensure the development of international etiquette as a regulator of international relations in the system of business communications. It is underlined, that tourism and the hospitality industry are currently going through a series of turbulent tests, which cannot but cause the transformation of business communications, the termination or optimization of existing business contacts, the creation of new ones, corresponding to new rules and requirements of an unstable external environment. All this is reflected in the peculiarities of international etiquette in the field of service. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the specificity of international etiquette in the system of modern business communications, its relationship with legal and other social and regulatory norms. Modern crisis processes, and especially the pandemic and the full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, are putting significant pressure on tourism and hospitality. Among the new challenges faced by the representatives of the organizations in this field, it is worth emphasizing the change in consumer preferences towards digitalization modern consumers demand an almost instant response to their requests. It is quite natural that these changes entail the transformation of business communications, which are also moving into the digital environment. This, in turn, causes the need to observe new norms of international network etiquette – now online. In the realities of Ukraine, when more than 95% of the inbound tourist flow is represented by tourists from Europe, the study of the specifics of European norms and principles of business communication and etiquette becomes especially relevant.
The article specifies the key economic aspects of the functioning and development of integrated manufacturing systems of industrial enterprises. The article is aimed at substantiating the prospects for the development of integrated manufacturing systems as one of the paradigms of the organization of the production process. The methodological instrumentarium of the research consisted of the following methods: retrospective analysis, synthesis, critical analysis, graphic method, generalization method. In modern conditions, more and more attention is paid to the new integrated level of manufacturing systems, which can be considered as a combined production system from an aggregate of multi-level constituents of production systems of enterprises with the most progressive organizational and technological capabilities, created for a limited time in order to implement complex projects. The evolution of the organization of production systems with the allocation of modern paradigms of variability and integration is researched. The role of technological niches in the development and marketing of multitechnological platforms as examples of integrated manufacturing systems is outlined. The main requirements for production systems created in technological niches are such parameters as their flexibility, the level of automation and the possibility of integration. It is determined that flexible or integrated production means that the functional spectrum of multitechnological platforms should be maximized. The flexible production strategy is more profitable than conventional manufacturing, if there is a high probability that additional functions will actually be applied in the future, and the integration of functions will cause lower costs than the integration of an additional single-technology machine. Integration of manufacturing technologies is an urgent paradigm for designing production systems within the framework of evolutionary theory. The direction of technological progress is determined through the concept of suitability, which represents a fuzzy image of a prospective product developed in accordance with the technological paradigm in the selection environment. The problem of classification of flexible, reconfigured and integrated manufacturing systems is the prospect of further research.
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