The article proposes an approach to justify the tool for internalizing external effects from emissions of pollutants by motor vehicles in the territory. It is based on the proposed methods to determine the environmental sustainability criterion, taking into account the characteristics of the ecosystem of the territory, estimating the masses of pollutant emissions by different vehicles in the territory and the economic damage to the ecosystem from the emission of toxicants. The direction of development of the regional tax system with its greening is presented. The features of the formation of an environmental tax on cars depending on the development objectives of the territory and the mechanisms for their implementation are considered. The consequences of the influence of proposals on various sectors of the economy as a whole and the agricultural sector in particular are determined.
Functioning dynamics of agricultural engineering nowadays is under analysis in this article. It is noted that the formation of a modern agricultural cluster is influenced by many factors that can cause problems for its optimal functioning. The topical question is to define the role of state regulation of the agricultural machinery industry in Russia, to search for the new regulating economic instruments for the effectively developing agro-industrial complex. Adaptation of agricultural engineering to a constantly changing competitive market and the ability of domestic producers to survive in a crisis depends on the favorable conditions created for the agricultural producer and on the use of the support mechanisms that are adequate to the current state of the market.
Simulation mathematical model of small enterprise functioning is under analysis in this article. It is assumed that annual working capital profitability and loan rate are random variables with normal distribution, the amount of borrowed capital does not exceed the amount of own working capital. Given the value of its working capital at the beginning of time, its dependence on time is constructed as a random process. The parameters of random variables are estimated based on the processing of statistical data on the previous activities of this enterprise. The implementation of the random process is statistically modeled. With the help of the statistical tests, implementations of random function of growth of own working capital are built and the probability of bankruptcy is estimated as relative frequency of cases of adoption of negative value by random function. It is proposed to use the built simulation model of the enterprise to estimate the probability of bankruptcy of the studied enterprise in the coming period (a given number ofyears).
The article is devoted to the development of theoretical principles and practical recommendations for the formation and development of digital ecosystem based on corporate model of open innovation, which allows adapting an innovative ecosystem to the conditions of global competitive market and integrating it into the global innovation space in order to consolidate competitive advantages and achieve technological superiority. The analysis of Russian and foreign practice of innovative development of technology corporations and companies is performed; practical approaches to managing innovative development of corporations in the context of digitalization are highlighted; methodology for assessing innovative maturity taking into account readiness for digital transformation was developed and tested. The authors proposed methodological approach to classify the tools for corporate governance of open innovations based on analysis of research, technology and innovation ecosystem of a number of Russian and foreign high-tech corporations, characterized by combination of external and internal tools for innovative development with goals, resources and stages of innovative activity, practical implementation cases, which will allow forming optimally scalable and most effective corporate tools from indoor innovations. The study summarizes the existing approaches to the formation and development of digital ecosystem based on the corporate model of open innovation and develops conceptual provisions that provide for the formation of methodological tools for innovation management in order to increase the competitiveness of high-tech industries of Russian Federation, the level of international cooperation and exports, the introduction of digital technologies.
Externalities are a significant feature for recreational tourism. The increase in the specificity of the resource and its significance for the territory may be an additional factor in lowering the requirements for the effective implementation of Coase’s idea to solve the problem of externalities. Tourist recreational areas can be an ideal object for implementing Coase’s idea of reducing externalities. Given the assessment of environmental quality with the consideration of assimilation potential, it is possible to describe the additional value of changing the volume of environmental pollution for the economic system in the recreational area. The increasing importance of other factors for tourist recreational activities can be factored into the proposed dependency by developing ideas of the assimilation potential of the territory. An approach is proposed for assessing the utility of environmental protection activities in a recreational tourist area which is based on the consideration of changes in the recreational capacities of natural environment and the consequences thereof for the economic system of the territory. The proposed indicator of utility with an adequate assessment of the costs of implementing a project better reflects the cost-effectiveness and results of environmental protection.
The article provides an analysis of the use of biofuels and water-based fuels in thermal power plants. The problems of using these types of fuel and biofuel are identified, a new technical solution and water-synthetic fuel in the form of a water-fuel composition, which is patented as a water-containing composition and method for its preparation, are proposed. This composition can be used in various thermal engines and rocket installations. For various kinds of water-fuel composition, components had been calculated and designed for maximum cost efficiency. A feasibility study of one of the options of the use of water and fuel compositions for MAZ - 6601 engines shows the economic feasibility of the use of water and fuel compositions.
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