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Haemophilus parasuis is known as a commensal organism discovered in the upper respiratory tract of swine where the pathogenic bacteria survive in various adverse environmental stress. QseC, a histidine protein kinase of the two-component regulatory systems CheY/QseC, is involved in the environmental adaptation in bacteria. To investigate the role of QseC in coping with the adverse environment stresses and survive in the host, we constructed a qseC mutant of H. parasuis serovar 13 strain (ΔqseC), MY1902. In this study, we found that QseC was involved in stress tolerance of H. parasuis, by the ΔqseC exhibited a decreased resistance to osmotic pressure, oxidative stress, and heat shock. Moreover, the ΔqseC weakened the ability to take up iron and biofilm formation. We also found that the QseC participate in sensing the epinephrine in environment to regulate the density of H. parasuis.

Background Different estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression patterns have important biological and therapeutic implications in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, little is known about hormone receptor (HR)-positive and triple-positive subtypes, making therapy selection and survival prognosis difficult. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and nomogram-predicted survival of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Materials and methods Data on patients with HER2-positive breast cancer were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Comparisons were carried out between single HR-positive and double HR-positive/double HR-negative subtypes. A nomogram-based model of predicted outcomes was developed. Results This cohort study included 34 819 patients with breast cancer (34 606 women and 213 men). Single HR-positive and double HR-positive/double HR-negative subtypes showed distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that patients with ER-positive/PR-negative/HER2-positive [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-1.39], ER-negative/PR-positive/HER2-positive (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.23-1.97), and ER-negative/PR-negative/HER2-positive (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.43-1.70) subtypes had worse breast cancer-specific survival than patients with the triple-positive subtype. Thirteen clinical parameters were included as prognostic factors in the nomogram: age, sex, race, grade, histology type, bone, brain, liver, and lung metastasis, TNM (tumor–node–metastasis) staging, and molecular subtype. The C-index was 0.853 (95% CI: 0.845-0.861). Calibration plots indicated that the nomogram-predicted survival was consistent with the recorded 3-year and 5-year prognoses. Conclusions Significant differences in survival rates were observed between single HR-positive and double HR-positive/double HR-negative subtypes. A nomogram accurately predicted survival. Different treatment strategies may be required for HER2-positive patients with single HR-positive and double HR-positive tumors to ensure optimal treatment and benefits.

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