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Numerous studies have shown that emotion recognition is impaired in individuals with a history of violent offenses, especially in those diagnosed with psychopathy. However, in criminological contexts, there is insufficient research regarding the role of empathy and facial emotion recognition abilities of personnel employed in correction centers. Accordingly, we sought to explore facial emotion recognition abilities and empathy in administrative officers and security guards at a center for institutionalized juvenile offenders. One hundred twenty-two Mexican subjects, including both men and women, were recruited for the study. Sixty-three subjects were administrative officers, and 59 subjects were security guards at a juvenile detention center. Tasks included "Pictures of Facial Affect" and the "Cambridge Behavior Scale." The results showed that group and gender had an independent effect on emotion recognition abilities, with no significant interaction between the two variables. Specifically, administrative officers showed higher empathy than security guards. Moreover, women in general exhibited more empathy than men. This study provides initial evidence of the need to study emotion recognition and empathy among professionals working in forensic settings or criminological contexts.

In this article, we analyze the contributions of neuroscience to the development of the adolescent brain and shed additional light on the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the context of Latin America. In neurobiology, maturity is perceived to be complex because the brain's temporal development process is not uniform across all its regions. This has important consequences for adolescents' behavior; in their search for the acceptance of their peers, they are more vulnerable to pressure and more sensitive to stress than adults. Their affectivity is more unstable, and they show signs of low tolerance to frustration and important emotional reactivity, with a decrease in the capacity to self-regulate. Consequently, risky behavior presents itself more frequently during adolescence, and behaviors that transgress norms and social conventions typically peak between the ages of 17 and 19 years. However, only a small percentage of young offenders escalate their behavior to committing crimes during adulthood. In comparative law, there are considerable differences in Latin American countries' legal dispositions regarding the minimum age of criminal responsibility; Brazil, Costa Rica, and Ecuador regard the age of criminal responsibility to be 12 years, while Argentina accepts this to be 16 years. From a legal viewpoint, however, the debate about the minimum age of criminal responsibility is connected to other circumstances that, because they are still at a developmental stage, are attributed to adolescents' rights in their decisionmaking and understanding of autonomy (e.g., the minimum ages for voting, alcohol consumption, and medical consent). We argue that research on the development of the adolescent brain does not provide definitive answers about the exact age required for different juridical purposes. Nonetheless, the current state of knowledge does allow for reflection on the development and maturation of adolescents and the implications for considering them criminally responsible. It also validates demands for a system that provides adolescents with greater protection and that favors their healthy integral development. In any case, although a specific minimum age is not evident, this study is disposed not to recommend lowering the age of criminal responsibility, but rather increasing it.

ResumenEste artículo aborda los conceptos de Psicología Jurídica y sus sub-áreas, así como una breve revisión de su desarrollo histórico en torno a la reflexión de cuatro temas: las agremiaciones y congresos; la investigación y la publicación; la formación académica; y los procesos de acreditación y certificación profesional. Estos puntos se abordan teniendo en cuenta el contexto internacional, en general, y el hispano, en particular. Por último, se analizan los avances y desafíos de la Psicología Jurídica en Latinoamérica.Palabras clave: Psicología Jurídica, Psicología Forense, estado del arte, revisión, desarrollo. AbstractThis article deals with the concepts of Legal Psychology and its sub-areas. It also offers a brief review of its historical development along four main topics: (a) Organizations y congresses; (b) research and its publishing; (c) academic training; and (d) the processes *

ResumenObjetivo. asociados en estudiantes universitarios de tres ciudades mexicanas: Chihuahua, Guadalajara y Puebla. Método. En una muestra no aleatoria participaron 2532 estudiantes de diferentes carreras a través de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional. Se aplicó la batería Encuesta sobre Democracia, Tejido Social y Seguridad Humana, vía electrónica, que contempla 16 formas de victimización, ocurridas en los últimos seis meses. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias de victimización entre ciudades y por sexo. De destacar, en mujeres, un menor nivel socioeconómico se asoció con más victimización sexual, acoso y persecución. En hombres, a mayor nivel socioeconómico, menos experiencias familiares de suicidio o desapariciones, de lesiones en accidentes viales y de pago por trámites públicos. Más experiencias de victimización se asociaron con mayor disposición a cambiar de lugar de residencia o trabajo, sobre todo para las mujeres. Discusión. Una mayor victimización criminal se asocia con menor disposición a permanecer en la ciudad actual de residencia. El nivel socioeconómico aparece como un factor de protección (alto nivel) o de riesgo (bajo nivel) en relación con la victimización.Palabras clave. Victimización, delito, estudiantes universitarios, percepción del crimen, percepción de seguridad.

El objetivo del estudio fue adaptar y validar una batería de instrumentos para evaluar subdominios de la cognición social con población forense en Colombia y México a partir de una selección de instrumentos utilizados en neuropsicología clínica. Se revisó la pertinencia de los subdominios que componen la cognición social como evidencia de validez de contenido mediante la evaluación de diferentes expertos en psicología forense, neuropsicología y medición y evaluación; utilizando el método ANGOFF modificado y un análisis de confiabilidad según el modelo Rasch y el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Posteriormente fue sometido a pilotaje con 20 personas condenadas en cárceles colombianas y mexicanas con privación de libertad. Se encontraron calibraciones INFIT 1.17 y 1.04, OUTFIT 1.08 y 1.18, con índices de separación de 2.66 y 1.63, y fiabilidad de .88 en colombianos y .73 en mexicanos; estos datos proporcionaron evidencias de validez de la batería adaptada. Palabras clave: psicología forense; contexto penitenciario; cognición social; Angoff; Rasch. RESUMO -Bateria de Avaliação para Cognição Social em Psicologia Forense: Adaptação e ValidaçãoO objetivo do estudo foi adaptar e validar uma bateria para avaliar subdomínios da cognição social com população forense na Colômbia e no México a partir de uma seleção de instrumentos usados em neuropsicologia clínica. Revisou-se a relevância dos subdomínios que compõem a cognição social como evidência de validade de conteúdo por meio da avaliação de diferentes psicólogos especialistas em psicologia forense, neuropsicologia e medição e avaliação, usando o método ANGOFF modificado e uma análise de confiabilidade de acordo com o modelo de Rasch e coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Posteriormente, ele foi submetido a pilotar com 20 pessoas privadas de liberdade sentenciadas em prisões colombianas e mexicanas. Calibrações INFIT 1,17 e 1,04, OUTFIT 1,08 e 1,18 foram encontradas, com taxas de separação de 2,66 e 1,63, uma confiabilidade de 0,88 em colombianos e 0,73 em mexicanos; esses dados forneceram evidências da validade da bateria adaptada.

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