Functional ingredients in blueberry have the best health benefits. To obtain a better understanding of the health role of blueberry in chronic disease, we conducted systematic preventive strategies for functional ingredients in blueberry, based on comprehensive databases, especially PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2008–2018. Blueberry is rich in flavonoids (mainly anthocyanidins), polyphenols (procyanidin), phenolic acids, pyruvic acid, chlorogenic acid, and others, which have anticancer, anti-obesity, prevent degenerative diseases, anti-inflammation, protective properties for vision and liver, prevent heart diseases, antidiabetes, improve brain function, protective lung properties, strong bones, enhance immunity, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and improve cognitive decline. The anthocyanins and polyphenols in blueberry are major functional ingredients for preventive chronic disease. These results support findings that blueberry may be one of the best functional fruits, and further reveals the mechanisms of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the health role of blueberry for chronic disease. This paper may be used as scientific evidence for developing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and novel drugs of blueberry for preventive chronic diseases.

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The ultrastructure of the sensilla on the proboscis of ten species of butterflies, Iphiclides podalirius , Parara guttata , Colias fieldii , Celastrina oreas , Sasakia charonda , Tirumala limniace , Acraea issoria , Stichophthalma neumogeni , Callerebia suroia , and Libythea celtis , among five families were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. They were compared to reveal the morphological differences in the proboscis sensilla among these butterflies. Four distinct types of sensilla were found on the proboscis among these species. The types of proboscis sensilla of I . podalirius and T . limniace were sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla basiconica. The types in the other eight species were sensilla chaetica, sensilla styloconica, and sensilla basiconica. The number of sensilla styloconica on the proboscis of non-flower-visiting species was greater than that of flower-visiting species.

In this study, complete mitochondrial genomes of nine species representing three tribes in the subfamily Pyrginae sensu lato were newly sequenced. The mitogenomes are closed double-stranded circular molecules, with the length ranging from 15,232 bp to 15,559 bp, which all encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region. The orientation and gene order of these nine mitogenomes are identical to the inferred ancestral arrangement of insects. All PCGs exhibit the typical start codon ATN except for cox1 (using CGA) and cox2 (using TTG) in Mooreana trichoneura. Most of the PCGs terminate with a TAA stop codon, while cox1, cox2, nad4, and nad5 end with the incomplete codon single T. For the different datasets, we found that the one comprising all 37 genes of the mitogenome produced the highest nodal support, indicating that the inclusion of RNAs improves the phylogenetic signal. This study re-confirmed the status of Capila, Pseudocoladenia, and Sarangesa; namely, Capila belongs to the tribe Tagiadini, and Pseudocoladenia and Sarangesa to the tribe Celaenorrhini. Diagnostic characters distinguishing the two tribes, the length of the forewing cell and labial palpi, are no longer significant. Two populations of Pseudocoladenia dan fabia from China and Myanmar and P. dan dhyana from Thailand are confirmed as conspecific.

Rosa lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crép. is one of the famous wild ancestors of cultivated roses and plays a very important role in horticultural research, but there is still a lack of research on the R. lucieae chloroplast genome. In this study, we used the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for sequencing, assembly and annotation to obtain the sequence information for the R. lucieae chloroplast genome and compared genomics, selection 1 stress analysis, and phylogenetic analysis with 12 other chloroplast genomes of Rosa. The R. lucieae cpDNA sequence has a total length of 156,504 bp and 130 genes are annotated. The length of all 13 studied chloroplast genomes is 156,333~157,385 bp. Their gene content, gene sequence, GC content and IR boundary structure were highly similar. Five kinds of large repeats were detected that numbered 100~116, and SSR sequences ranged from 78 to 90 bp. Four highly differentiated regions were identified, which can be used as potential genetic markers for Rosa. Selection stress analysis showed that there was significant positive selection among the 18 genes. The phylogenetic analysis of R. lucieae and R. cymose, R. maximowicziana, R. multiflora, and R. pricei showed the closest relationship. Overall, our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the systematic genomics and comparative genomics of Rosa.