Background: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, results from the exposure of the fetus and young child to nutritional deficiency and infectious disease. In Indonesia, 30.8% of children were stunted, in which 26.2% was in East Java and 8.1% Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in Banyuwangi, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klatak and Wonosobo Community Health Centers, Central Java. a sample of 60 children under five years of age was selected for this study. The study variables were child’s gender, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. The frequency distribution data were reported descriptively. Results: The majority of stunted children under study were male (53.3%). Most of the women were at age 20 to 34 years during pregnancy (58.3%). As many as 73.3% mothers were low educated. Most of the mothers were housewives (85%). 78.3% of women took iron supplement during pregnancy. Most of the children did not have the history of chronic energy deficiency (60%). Most of the children received exclusive breastfeeding (61.7%) and supplementary feeding (65%). Only a few children had the history of infectious disease (6.7%). Conclusion: The characteristics of subjects under study vary with maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. Keywords: stunting, children under five years of age, factors Correspondence: Endah Kusuma Wardani. Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi. Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68422. Email: qsuma89@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257193736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80
Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari anak-anak ke dewasa yang ditandai dengan perkembangan fisik, psikis dan psikososial. Setiap remaja mengharapakan memilki fisik yang sehat bugar dan berkualitas. Akan tetapi bebrapa remaja mengalami ketidaknyamanan pada saat menstruasi yang diikuti dengan dismenorhea. Pada dismenorhea, terjadi gangguan rasa nyeri yang timbul akibat adanya kontraksi otot rahim. Banyak faktor yang berperan dalam timbulnya dismenhorea pada remaja salah satunya adalah status gizi pada remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi remaja terhadap kejadian dismenorhea pada siswi kelas 3 SMAN 1 Gambiran Banyuwangi. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 91 siswi dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel bebas adalah status gizi. Variabel terikat adalah dismenorhea. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar dismenorhea didominasi oleh dismenorhea ringan sebesar 37,6%, dan terendah adalah dismenorhea berat sebesar 13%. Status gizi didominasi oleh status gizi normal sebesar 54%, dan status gizi dengan frekuensi yang paling rendah adalah obesitas II dengan presentase 0,0% Nilai r = 0,018 dan nilai p = 0,865. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa antara status gizi dengan dismenorhea kurang memiliki hubungan. Sedangkan nilai koefisien korelasi (r = 0,018) tidak bermakna. Sehingga terdapat hubungan yang lemah dan kurang memiliki hubungan antar variabel yang searah. Sehingga menunjukkan status gizi semakin baik, maka belum tentu dismenorhea yang dirasakan juga akan semakin membaik. Data tersebut didapatkan hasil kurang adanya hubungan antara status gizi dengan dismenorhea pada siswi kelas 3 SMA Negeri 1 Gambiran Banyuwangi.
Attention to malnutrition has increased in recent decades, one of which is stunting. The nutritional problem that is currently being highlighted in the world is stunting where there are around 161 million children experiencing stunting. Stunting is a measure of short height compared to age. Factors causing stunting consist of direct and indirect causes, one of which is from the aspect of environmental sanitation, namely access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene. This study aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of environmental sanitation in families with stunting children under five years of age in the Klatak and Wonosobo Public Health Centers, Banyuwangi. This research is a descriptive study and a case series design. The research subjects used were 60 stunting toddlers with proportional random sampling as the sampling technique. The variables in this study were environmental sanitation, which consisted of access to clean water, ownership of clean water facilities, ownership of bathrooms, ownership of latrines, and ownership of cattle pens. The research instrument used a questionnaire to measure the characteristics of respondents and environmental sanitation conditions, interview guidelines, observation sheets, KIA books, and weighing month reports. The data was processed using descriptive analysis. The results depicted in this study are that most of the research subjects live in families that have access to clean water, have bathrooms and latrines, but also in families who have cattle pens close to the main house. Monitoring of ownership, use, and maintenance of access to clean water, latrines, bathrooms, and livestock cages in the home environment must be carried out properly so that it can become one of the strategies in preventing stunting under five. Prevention of contamination of water, soil, and air quality is one of the ways in preventing stunting in toddlers so that toddlers can develop optimally according to their age and growth period.
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