No abstract

Amaç: İn vitro fertilizasyon (İVF) ve embriyonik manipülasyonlar yoluyla gebe kalan kadınlarda hormon kullanımı, pulmoner hipertansiyon olasılığı da dahil olmak üzere yenidoğanların sağlığıyla ilgili endişeleri artırmıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, term İVF yenidoğanlarında pulmoner arter basıncını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif kesitsel çalışma Mart 2013 ile Ekim 2017 arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir ve 160 İVF yenidoğanı (grup 1) 160 doğal yolla olan yenidoğanla (grup 2) karşılaştırmaktadır. Her iki gruptaki yenidoğanlar, gebelik ve yenidoğan yaşı açısından eşleştirilmiş sezaryen ile doğan yenidoğanlardı. Yenidoğanlar üç-yedi günlük idi, 37-39 hafta ve 6 günlük tam dönem gebelik yaşına sahipti ve yenidoğanların doğum ağırlığı normal sınırlarda (2500-4000 g) idi. Sistolik pulmoner arter basıncı (SPAB), triküspit yetersizlik jetinin pik akış hızını temel alan gerçek zamanlı ekokardiyografi kullanılarak tahmin edildi. Bulgular: İki grup arasındaki ortalama SPAB açısından anlamlı bir fark gözlendi (p<0,001). Her ne kadar gestasyonel yaşın SPAB'yi düşürücü etkisi grup 1'de daha fazla ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olsa da, doğumdan sonra PAB'de kademeli azalma bu grupta daha yavaş gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki grupta da gebelik yaşının SPAB'yi düşürücü etkisi yenidoğan yaşına göre daha belirgindi. Ayrıca, her iki grupta da SPAB ile yenidoğan ağırlığı arasında anlamlı bir ters korelasyon gözlendi; ancak bu korelasyonun grup 1'de daha kuvvetli olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, İVF'yi yenidoğanlarda pulmoner hipertansiyon insidansında artış ile ilişkili bulmuştur. Bu nedenle, İVF yenidoğanlarında pulmoner

Background: Pain is a serious and common problem in bone metastases. For this purpose, complementary and supportive practices are also applied along with medical treatment. This study was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the effect of acupressure on pain in cancer patients with bone metastasis. Methods: The study was conducted in a nonrandomized controlled trial with patients who applied to the radiotherapy unit of an oncology hospital. The data of the study were collected by using a questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale. A total of 8 acupressure sessions, which lasted for approximately 10 minutes each (with warming and acupressure periods), was applied to the intervention group. The data were analyzed by using χ2 test, paired t test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: It was determined that the pain mean score of the intervention group was 7.6 ± 1.9 before the acupressure and decreased to 6.8 ± 1.9 after the acupressure and this result was statistically significant. On the other hand, no significant difference was determined in the pain mean score of the control group. Conclusions: Acupressure is applicable for cancer patients with bone metastasis by nursing staff after receiving brief training and may make a difference in relieving pain of the patients. Further well-designed trials should be conducted.

An epidural infusion (10 mLh(-1)) of bupivacaine 0.05% or ropivacaine 0.05% together with fentanyl 1.5 microg mL(-1) provided good and safe analgesia during labour.

Objectives: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may occur 12-72 hours after spinal anesthesia. PDPH causes patient discomfort following spinal anesthesia and therefore it presents a challenging situation for anesthetists. Methods: This prospective randomized study enrolled 613 patients who were 18 years or older and who had been operated under spinal anesthesia. The spinal anesthesia procedure was performed with the patient in a sitting position through the L3-4, L4-5 interspaces, using 25 and 26 gauge (G) quincke and pencil-point spinal needles. The gender, age, body mass index, level of sensory block, mobilization time of the patients and also the experience and physical fatigue condition of the physicians were recorded. In the postoperative period all patients were questioned as to whether they experienced headache. These questions were repeated at postoperative 1 st , 24 th , 48 th and 72 nd hours in the hospital and on the 7 th day by phone after they were discharged. Results: Compared to older patients, patients between the ages of 25 to 40 (p<0.001) and compared to other operations, C/S patients (p: 0.003) experienced headaches more frequently in the postoperative period. The other two important factors were the experience (p: 0.013) and the physical fatigue of the physician (p: 0.001) on the day of surgery. Conclusion: The experience and good physical condition of the physician, TUR or anorectal surgery, a patient over 40 years of age and using pencil-point spinal needles during the spinal anesthesia procedure were associated with a reduced risk of postdural puncture headache.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate histologically the influence of maternal caffeine exposure during pregnancy in vivo on crystalline lenses in neonatal rats. Methods: Experimentally naive, female Wistar-albino rats (200-220 g) were mated with adult male rats over 2 days for copulation. After confirming pregnancy with a vaginal smear method, 50 gravid rats (dams) were randomly divided into five groups (n ¼ 10 in each), consisting of one control and four experimental groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 experimental dams were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) caffeine at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively, during pregnancy from gestational day 9 through to day 21. Group 4 dams were treated with caffeine in distilled water in a gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. Group 5 control dams were given i.p. saline solution daily for the same period. After normal delivery, the eyes were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The neonates were then killed by decapitation at postnatal days 1 or 30 and the eyes removed for histopathologic investigation of the lenses. Results: Group 1 and control eyes had normal anterior lens capsules with a single layer of anterior cuboidal epithelial cells, regularly oriented cortical and nuclear lens fibres, and a clear posterior lens capsule with no lining epithelial cells behind the equator. In the remaining groups, histopathologic findings suggesting cataractogenesis included eosinophilic degeneration, lens fibre cell swelling and liquefaction, central lens fibres with retained nuclei, and prominent epithelial cells lining the posterior lens capsule behind the equator. Moreover, some lenses in group 3 had immature cataract on slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination at postnatal day 30. Conclusion: Excessive maternal caffeine exposure during pregnancy had cataractogenic effects on developing crystalline lenses in newborn rat eyes, both macroscopically and histopathologically. If an appropriate dose of caffeine can be identified, caffeine-induced cataract formation may be used as a new experimental cataract model in animal studies.

Özet Amaç: Dural ponksiyon sonrası baş ağrısı (DPSB) olguları, katkıda bulunan faktörler, epidural kan yaması (EKY) tedavisi ve tedaviye yanıtları değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmada amacımız EKY uygulanan DPSB olgularını incelemektir. SummaryObjectives: We evaluated post dural puncture headache (PDPH) cases and the contributing factors and monitored the treatment response with epidural blood patch (EBP), and other therapies. Methods: In this retrospective study, 77 PDPH cases treated with EBP were included. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, type of surgery, type and diameter of the needle used for dural puncture, number(s) of dural puncture, onset of punctural headache, any conservative therapies for PDPH, number(s) of EBP application, analgesia quality at the 10th minute and 2nd hour after EBP application, and radicular pain during procedure. Results: The mean age of 77 patients (46 female, 31 male) was 31.5 ± 11.3, and the most common surgery performed was cesarean section. More than one attempt was applied in 48 patients. In 37 cases, a 22G spinal needle was used, while a 25 G spinal needle was used in 20 cases. The mean duration of the headache was 3.1 ± 1.3 days for female patients and 4.6 ± 2.3 days for male patients (p=0.020). VAS significantly decreased and patient satisfaction significantly increased after the 10th minute in patients who had EBP (p=0.001). In only one case (2%), the second EBP was needed for pain relief. Transient radicular pain was observed in 17 cases (22.07%) at administration of EBP. Conclusion: In PDPH cases, EBP is an effective and relatively safe method, especially in obstetric patients. We reported that the PDPH symptoms presented earlier in female patients. A preference of a small diameter needle (less than 22 G) and avoidance of multiple attempts is important for spinal anesthesia.

Background/aim: To compare the effects of tramadol-only treatment and tramadol + gabapentin treatment in patients who had received an epidural steroid injection. Materials and methods:Forty patients with hernia disc-originated acute lumbar discogenic pain were evaluated. All patients received a single dose of steroid and local anesthesia mixture epidurally via the lumbar approach. In both groups, Group T (tramadol, n = 20) and Group TG (tramadol + gabapentin, n = 20), the injection dose was adjusted to 4 mL of triamcinolone acetonide and 0.25% bupivacaine mixture. Orally, 75 mg/day tramadol or 75 mg/day tramadol + 900 mg/day gabapentin were added to the treatment. Leukocyte, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and urine serotonin levels were measured prior to and after treatment. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and straight leg elevation test (SLET).Results: Similar improvements in VAS, ODI, and SLET values were observed in both groups in the second week. The inflammation markers were not different after treatment, neither within the groups nor between the groups. Conclusion:This study revealed that tramadol + gabapentin treatment was not superior to tramadol treatment.