Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19), ilk olarak Çin’in Hubei Eyaletinin Vuhan şehrinde
Tourism is a sector directly and indirectly linked to technological developments for the cause of increasing customer satisfaction, providing competitive advantage, and protecting the environment. It seems that technology has been used in tourism industry to adopt innovations in information and communication technologies. In this direction, smart tourism concept has emerged in recent years as a new approach based on technology and environment. Although there are various definitions in the literature, it is seen that a common definition of the smart tourism concept does not exist yet. The purpose of this research, which is a literature review, is to contribute to the creation of a common definition in the literature by examining different definitions in the literature. In this context, the literature on the concept of smart tourism has been searched and the common aspects mentioned. Information and communication technologies and smart destination concepts are seen as the foreground in the descriptions and explanations made for smart tourism. It can be observed that mobile applications, smartphones, social media, and the Internet are highlighted when environmentalism is ignored in smart tourism definitions, which are evaluated within the scope of information and communication technologies. According to the definition made by the World Tourism Organization, environmental awareness must be included in the definition of smart tourism.
Historical tourism resources associated with diasporic communities and battlefields would at face value appear to have little in common. On closer inspection, however, diaspora and battlefield tourism share several elements in common. These commonalities are explored in greater detail, with an eye to investigating battlefield tourism sites indelibly linked to the birth of modern nations, where it is argued that there is a particularly blurred boundary between these two forms of tourism that must be recognized. The Gallipoli battlefield, Turkey, provides the contextual anchor for this discussion in suggesting that a key reason Australians travel to this foreign place to is to find out what it means to be an Australian. The prominence of this battlefield in the psyche of Australians is borne out of the involvement of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (Anzac) in the First World War campaign that commenced at what is now known as Anzac Cove at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915. This campaign was the first united action of the fledging Australian nation bought together through federation in 1901. Qualitative data collected from Australians visiting the Gallipoli battlefields in Turkey during 2010 is used to explore whether the experiences of those traveling to battlefields strongly associated with nation building legends and stories resemble those of diasporic tourists in seeking to return to their homeland. Emerging from the analysis, the confines of the blurred boundary between diaspora tourism and battlefield tourism is discussed in detail and an associated research agenda is proposed that aims to further clarify the scope of these concepts in relation to the broad spectrum of heritage tourism resources.
ÖZETTeknolojinin turizmde yaygın kullanımı sonucunda teknolojiye, kaliteye ve çevreye dayalı yeni bir yaklaşım olarak akıllı turizmin ortaya çıktığı gözlenmektedir. Literatürde çeşitli tanımlar olmasına rağmen akıllı turizm kavramı için ortak bir tanımın henüz oluşmadığı görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, akıllı turizm için yapılan tanımlar ve açıklamalar doğrultusunda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, akıllı destinasyon ve akıllı otel ifadelerinin ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Literatür derlemesi niteliğindeki bu çalışmanın amacı, akıllı turizm kavramına ilişkin literatürü ve turizm sektöründeki uygulamaları inceleyerek özellikle Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak, literatür detaylı olarak incelenerek; akıllı turizme yönelik literatürde bulunan farklı tanımlamalara yer verilmiş, literatürde ön plana çıkan akıllı destinasyon ve akıllı otel kavramları da incelenmiştir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kapsamında değerlendirilen akıllı turizm tanımlarında daha yoğun olarak mobil uygulamalar, akıllı telefonlar, sosyal medya ve internet üzerinde durulduğu, çevreci anlayışın göz ardı edildiği tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: akıllı turizm, akıllı destinasyon, akıllı otel.Jel kodu: Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 ABSTRACTThe concept of smart tourism has emerged as a new approach based on technology, environment and quality. Although there are various 'smart tourism' definitions in literature, a common definition is not seen yet. In the direction of the definitions and explanations of smart tourism, it is seen that information and communication technologies (ICT), smart destination and smart hotel are the forefront expressions. The purpose of this study is to investigate both the different 'smart tourism' definitions and the different smart tourism practices. In this way, it is aimed to make a contribution to the literature, especially Turkish literature. In this study, first of all, the literature was reviewed in detail and the different definitions of smart tourism were written as well as the concepts of smart destination and smart hotel were examined. As a result, it is determined that the definitions of smart tourism within the scope of ICT is based on mobile applications, smart phones, social media and internet whereas environmental understanding is ignored.
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