The objective of this research was to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of zephyr board made from palm oil petiole parts. The palm oil petiole parts were distinguished on the basis of rolling crushed number (4, 5 and 6 times,as factor A) and base, middle and upper parts of petiole (factor B). The board was made from three layers of petiole with density of 0.75g.cm⁻ 3 and thickness 1 cm respectively using Phenol formaldehyde (PF) with 12% resin as binding agent and compressed the board at 120ºC temperature and 25 kg/cm-2 pressure for 10 minutes. The results showed that physical properties of a zephyr board included of density, moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS) were 0.74 g.cm-3 , 12.32%, 29.14%, 5.19%, respectively. Mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), screw with drawl (SW) were 44.7 x 10³ kgf.cm-2 , 268 kgf.cm-2 , 107.32 kgf, respectively. In generally, number of rolling crushed was affected to moisture content, water absorption and MOR value whereas petiole part was significantly affected to MOR value only. Some of properties zephyr boards made from oil palmpetiole fulfill JIS A 5908-2003 standard.
Abstrak Papan zephyr dapat dibuat dari pelepah sawit dari limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kualitas Papan Zephyr Pelepah Sawit (PZP) dengan beberapa jenis papan bio-komposit komersial 617.6(x10² kg.cm⁻²), 728.47(x10² kg.cm⁻²), 398.74 (x10² kg.cm⁻²) and 199.22(x10² kg.cm⁻²), and that of MOR of each board was 405 kg cm⁻², 541 kg cm⁻², 207 kg cm⁻², and 119 kg cm⁻², while the screw holding strength of each was 88.49 kg, 92 kg, 53.6 kg and 61.4 kg, respectively.
It is very important to utilize oil palm petiole for the production of zephyr boards. This study aimed to analyze the effect of layer orientation on zephyr board quality. Zephyr boards were made with three coating patterns (A = cross perpendicular, B= combine A and C, and C= paralell) and five zephyr layers using urea formaldehyde adhesive. They were pressed for 20 min at a pressure of 25 kgf/cm² and a temperature 120 ºC, to a target density of 0.80 g/cm³ and a size of 300 mm X 300 mm X 12 mm. Our results showed that the physical and mechanical properties fulfilled the standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The best physical properties were found in the type C layer pattern, which had a density of 0.82 g/cm³, Mouisture Content of 9.46%, Water Absorpsion of 16.49%, and Thickness Swelling of 16.49%. The best mechanical properties-Modulus Of Elasticity and Modulus Of Repture-were also found in the type C layer pattern, with values of 35.2 x 10-3 kgf/cm² and 603.9 kgf/cm², respectively. However, the best IB and screw holding strength (SW) results were found with the type B layer pattern (Internal bonding B of 38.65 kgf/cm², Screw Withdrawl of 145.11 kgf). Abstrak Pengaruh Pola Pelapisan Zephyr terhadap Sifat Papan Zephyr dari Pelepah Sawit. Pelepah sawit sangat menarik untuk dibuat menjadi papan zephyr. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pola/arah pelapisan lembaran zephyr terhadap kualitas papan zephyr. Papan zephyr dibuat dengan 3 model pola pelapisan (A= tegaklurus serat , B= kombinasi A dan C, C = sejajar serat) dari 5 lembaran lapisan zephyr dengan menggunakan perekat urea formaldehida. Papan dibuat berukuran 300 mm x 300 mm x 12 mm, pada suhu kempa 120 o C tekanan kempa 25 kgf/cm 2 selama 20 menit, dengan target kerapatan 0,8 g/cm³. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sifat fisik dan mekanik papan zephyr dapat memenuhi standard JIS A 5908-2003. Sifat fisik terbaik adalah papan zephyr type C, dengan kerapatan 0,82 g/cm³, kadar air 9,46%, penyerapan air 16,49% dengan kembangsusut 16,49 %. Sifat mekanik (MOE dan MOR) menunjukan bahwa papan zephyr type C adalah yang terbaik dengan nilai rata-rata 35,2 x10³ kgf/cm² dan 603,9 kgf/cm². Pada sifat kekuatan rekat (IB) dan kuat pegang sekrup pola lapisan type B adalah yang terbaik (IB= 38,65 kgf/cm² dan SW= 145,11 kgf).
Currently, tofu wastewaters from CV. Proma has been treated using anaerobic technology up-flow Fixed Bed reactor. The aim of the research is to evaluate three impacts (environmental, social, and economic) of sustainability on wastewater treatment at CV. Proma tofu industry. This research method was conducted using direct observation in the field and interviewing to community. The evaluation environmental results show that technology can be reducing organic materials in wastewater up to 83% and reducing 2.863.981,8 kg of CH4 emission/years. The evaluation social and economic result show that the technology can be produced biogas equivalent to 5903 kg of LPG/years, which is able to meet the cooking needs of 40 households. Community perceptions show a positive impact because these activities provide economic benefits around Rp. 35.418.169/years for the community around the tofu industry. Wastewater treatment technology in Proma tofu industry can be integrate the three dimensions of sustainability.
Papan zephyr ini adalah papan komposit yang dapat dibuat dari pelepah sawit limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit. Salah satu kualitas yang patut diperhatikan adalah ketahanan papan komposit terhadap serangan rayap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketahanan Papan Zephyr Pelepah sawit (PZP) terhadap serangan rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes spp Holmgreen) dan rayap tanah (Coptotermes spp Light). Papan zephyr yang diumpankan pada rayap terdiri dari papan zephyr tanpa lapisan finishing dan papan zephyr berlapis finishing. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa papan zephyr yang dibuat dengan menggunakan perekat urea formldehida dan phenol formaldehida tanpa bahan finishing mempunyai keawetan IV, sedangkan papan zephyr berlapis finishing masing-masing mempunyai kelas keawetan I dari serangan rayap tanah. Pengujian kelas keawetan terhadap serangan rayap kayu kering papan zephyr tanpa lapisan finishing termasuk kelas II,sedangkan papan berlapis finishing mempunyai keawetan I. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan SNI 01.7207 2006. Kata-kata Kunci: Finishing dan non finishing, papan zephyr dan serangan rayap.
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