Manganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) drilling fluid weighting material was first applied in two high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) Madura Sea, Indonesia wells, BD-A and BD-B. Mn3O4 is less damaging to the environment and formation than other weighting agents. In the BD wells, coiled tubing (CT) will perform Mn3O4 mudcake removal by spotting an acid solution. The main challenges come from the formation characteristics: temperature up to 305°F, pressure of 8100 psi, 5,000 ppm H2S, and 5.5% CO2. Slow-reacting acid was preferred to prevent creating a corrosive environment. The reaction of acetic acid, formic acid, and a chelating agent with Mn3O4 at 305°F was studied. A corrosion test was performed to see the effect of the acid and 5,000 ppm H2S on CT string and completion tubing metal. Viscosimeter and densitometer testing was done on 155 ppb Mn3O4 mud that was mixed at laboratory scale to represent actual drilling mud in the well. Filter cake was made using an HP/HT filter press and 10-micron alloxite disc to represent formation permeability. Using the mix of acetic acid and chelating agent solution, 100% solubility of filter cake was achieved after 6 hours reaction time, giving enough time for CT to spot the acid in the entire 1,000-ft openhole interval and provide a uniform filter cake removal. With additional organic acid inhibitor and H2S inhibitor, the corrosion rate on CT and completion tubing metal after 16 hours test was found acceptable without pitting observed. This method has been proven effective to remove Mn3O4 filter cake with significant pressure drawdown reduction, hence increasing well productivities. The utilization of CT improves cost efficiency by accurately placing a right amount of acid solution across the openhole section. This stimulation fluid system is the first application in the world and was proven to be effective to remove Mn3O4 based filter cake and protect CT and tubing metal against H2S and CO2 in an HP/HT environment.
Handil is a mature oil and gas field with dozens of wells drilled within 70-m distance. It has been developed since 1975 and operated by Indonesian national oil company, PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam. Handil shallow reservoirs are located at depths between 200 and 1500 m true vertical depth (TVD). It has strong aquifer support and unconsolidated permeable sandstone reservoirs with poorly sorted grain size, requiring gravel pack completion. Since 2005, there have been 39 wells completed with gravel pack, contributing 40% of total Handil field production. Handil gravel pack wells are facing productivity impairment; several production tests indicated that 30% of the completed zones have a very low productivity index (less than 0.5 STB/D/psi) after a few years of production. Organic clay acid (OCA) was proposed as a matrix acidizing technology to dissolve the fines in the critical near-wellbore matrix. For many years, matrix acidizing has been used to remove formation damage or improve productivity in formations containing siliceous clay. The most commonly used treatment fluid is mud acid, which is a mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). In many conventional mud acid treatments, after an initially good response to the treatment, the production falls to levels similar to those before the treatment; this is thought to be due to the precipitation from the reaction of HF with silica material on feldspar/clay, which results in more hydrated silica gel. Unlike conventional mud acid, OCA can allow a deeper live-acid penetration into the formation and limit possible reaction-product precipitates, which will enhance the effectiveness of the stimulation treatments. Two OCA trial treatments were executed through coiled tubing. In the first job, the chemicals created an emulsion that was not compatible with fluid on the surface facilities. Demulsifier treatment on the surface successfully diluted the emulsion. Some adjustments on chemical composition have been applied on the second job, which successfully removed the emulsion. The pilot test yielded total oil production up to 900 BOPD (4,000 BLPD) instantaneous gain with ~80% improvement on productivity by reducing skin from >100 to 5. Currently, both wells are still flowing after 6 months of production. Following this success story, more than 11 OCA jobs are planned to improve the productivity of the existing zones in 2018. A recent matrix acidizing campaign in Handil shallow wells, highlighting the damage verification, candidate selection, acid chemistry, operational constraints, production results, and future opportunities. The logistics which include the flowback of spent acids and acid neutralization in the swamp area, and the addition of demulsifier in surface facilities will also be discussed. There were no core samples available to run a formation response test to the acid prior to the matrix acidizing treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.