Pertamina Hulu Energi operates numerous wells that produce gas from unconsolidated, tight sands in the Mahakam Delta. The company maintains a zero-sand production policy as its surface facilities are not designed to handle sand. If sand is produced, the wells are choked back, thus impairing the overall field production. To fix sand and fines in place, the primary sand control method used has been multizone single-trip gravel packing, sometimes in conjunction with sand consolidation or ceramic screen for noneconomic zones. However, the current state of the Tunu shallow portfolio renders sand consolidation infeasible, as more than 50% of the remaining reservoirs are either low-stakes (i.e. not economical) or are located in low-permeability zones. Against this backdrop, sand conglomeration is being considered as an alternative solution to produce the remaining reservoirs. A trial has been conducted to assess the feasibility of using sand conglomeration technology as an alternative to sand consolidation in the Mahakam Delta, the results of which will be reviewed in this paper.
Limbah plastik belakangan mendapatkan perhatian yang cukup serius mengingat tingkat eskalasi permasalahannya yang begitu signifikan. Pada 10 Mei 2019 sebanyak 187 Negara mengambil satu langkah besar untuk mengendalikan krisis perdagangan plastik dunia dengan memasukkan limbah plastik dalam amandemen Konvensi Basel 1989. Selain itu, jika dicermati, perpindahan lintas batas limbah plastik dalam skema perdagangan global tersebut melibatkan berbagai kepentingan komersial pada aspek ekspor-impor. Tulisan ini ingin mengkaji bagaimana tanggung jawab negara dan korporasi terhadap kasus impor limbah plastik di Indonesia dalam sudut pandang Konvensi Basel dan Prinsip-Prinsip Panduan Bisnis dan HAM.
Manganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) drilling fluid weighting material was first applied in two high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) Madura Sea, Indonesia wells, BD-A and BD-B. Mn3O4 is less damaging to the environment and formation than other weighting agents. In the BD wells, coiled tubing (CT) will perform Mn3O4 mudcake removal by spotting an acid solution. The main challenges come from the formation characteristics: temperature up to 305°F, pressure of 8100 psi, 5,000 ppm H2S, and 5.5% CO2. Slow-reacting acid was preferred to prevent creating a corrosive environment. The reaction of acetic acid, formic acid, and a chelating agent with Mn3O4 at 305°F was studied. A corrosion test was performed to see the effect of the acid and 5,000 ppm H2S on CT string and completion tubing metal. Viscosimeter and densitometer testing was done on 155 ppb Mn3O4 mud that was mixed at laboratory scale to represent actual drilling mud in the well. Filter cake was made using an HP/HT filter press and 10-micron alloxite disc to represent formation permeability. Using the mix of acetic acid and chelating agent solution, 100% solubility of filter cake was achieved after 6 hours reaction time, giving enough time for CT to spot the acid in the entire 1,000-ft openhole interval and provide a uniform filter cake removal. With additional organic acid inhibitor and H2S inhibitor, the corrosion rate on CT and completion tubing metal after 16 hours test was found acceptable without pitting observed. This method has been proven effective to remove Mn3O4 filter cake with significant pressure drawdown reduction, hence increasing well productivities. The utilization of CT improves cost efficiency by accurately placing a right amount of acid solution across the openhole section. This stimulation fluid system is the first application in the world and was proven to be effective to remove Mn3O4 based filter cake and protect CT and tubing metal against H2S and CO2 in an HP/HT environment.
Failing to properly abandon a well can create significant safety and environmental hazards, lead to noncompliant status with regulatory agencies, and harm the operator's image. This case study follows the plug and abandon interventions of five subsea wells located offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia that had been left shut in since the 1980s after they stop producing. The questionable well integrity and limited circulation paths of these older subsea wells had the potential to generate additional hazards unless properly addressed. An inflatable packer run on coiled tubing (CT) was chosen to address the challenge of well integrity because the packer was able to isolate the upper completion and subsea tree while cement was being injected into the reservoir. Hence, exposure of the well components to pressure was minimized, which consequently minimized the risk of having a well control issue due to overpressure. Another challenge stemmed from the difficulties of placing cement in the casing–production-tubing annulus as the return line on the annulus side was removed due to corrosion. A CT-conveyed inflatable packer set in between two punch holes on production tubing allowed for accurate cement placement in the casing–production-tubing annulus. The operation was successfully performed. The reservoir in each of the five wells was safely plugged with cement and the inflatable packers were left in hole as additional barriers. Every cement plug placed in the wells was tested to 1,000 psi to prove the integrity of both the cement and the packer. The ability to place cement in the annulus ensured full coverage of the wellbore without the need to cut and retrieve production tubing. Inflatable packers allowed cement to be pumped down through CT to the annulus through the lower punch hole, and the return to go back to the surface through upper punch holes and up through the production tubing. Twenty inflatable packers were deployed in five wells for both purposes mentioned above, thus proving the reliability of the inflatable packer application in this type of intervention.
AbstrakMaraknya konflik agraria nasional yang terjadi nampaknya sudah berada dalam titik nadir yang cukup mengkhawatirkan. Pasalnya konflik tersebut memiliki irisan terhadap berbagai bentuk pelanggaran yang berdimensi hak asasi manusia. Berbagai diskursus dalam upaya menyelesaikan konflik terus dilakukan. Wacana mengenai dibentuknya peradilan khusus pertanahan agaknya mulai banyak mendapatkan sorotan. Pasalnya, wacana tersebut hadir dalam situasi konflik agraria nasional yang tak kunjung berkesudahan, selain itu bergulirnya wacana ini sarat akan momentum, yakni bertepatan dengan draft rancangan undang-undang pertanahan yang kini masuk ruang politik legislasi di parlemen. Peradilan khusus pertanahan tentu akan menjadi satu topik pembahasan cukup sengit mengingat isunya akan menjangkau wilayah penyelesaian atas kasus-kasus agraria nasional yang mencangkup penguasaan tanah oleh perusahaan perkebunan (onderneming), PT. Perkebunan Nasional (PTPN), hingga penguasaan tanah oleh militer. Tulisan ini hendak mendiskusikan bahwa pembentukan peradilan khusus pertanahan dalam rancangan undang-undang pertanahan nasional menjadi kebutuhan dalam menyelesaikan konflik agraria nasional yang berkeadilan. Hal tersebut seringkali terjadi ketika komunitas masyarakat dalam ikhtiyar memperjuangkan hak atas tanahnya dihadapkan dengan berbagai kepentingan besar, diantaranya penguasaan tanah oleh perusahaan perkebunan (onderneming), PT Perkebunan Nasional (PTPN) dan penguasaan tanah oleh militer yang nampaknya ketiganya telah menjadi trend dalam mewarnai konflik agraria di tanah air. Alhasil, karena keberpihakan rezim cenderung terhadap kepentingan pemodal dalam mengejar akumulasi kapital, santer membuat perjuangan masyarakat petani berujung "kriminalisasi". Berbagai instrumen hukum peninggalan kolonial masih diberlakukan dan seringkali dijadikan "alat" bagi pihak yang berkepentingan untuk membungkam ruang berekspresi masyarakat dalam memperjuangkan hak-haknya.Adalah sangat dilematis, mengingat keberadaan negara sebagai suatu bentuk kesepakatan politik guna membebaskan warga negaranya dari kemiskinan, keterpurukan dan kesengsaraan cenderung lebih memfasilitasi kepentingan perusahaan yang berorientasi profit an sich dari pada kepentingan masyarakat kelas bawah, yakni petani. Dalam narasi ini, tentu posisi masyarakat seringkali berada dalam posisi yang timpang, sehingga daya tawar (bargaining position) yang dimiliki juga cenderung lemah. Belum lagi, kondisi ini diperparah dengan adanya stigmatisasi sebagai "PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia)" terhadap gerakan-gerakan yang masyarakat lakukan dalam mempejuangkan apa yang senyatanya sudah menjadi hak mereka. 2 Berbagai proses penyelesaian konflik sudah masyarakat tempuh, mulai dengan jalur politik atau non litigasi dengan cara melakukan audiensi, negosiasi dan mediasi Beberapa konflik agraria yang ada, bersumber dari penguasaan aset-aset bekas kolonial yang kemudian dinasionalisasi oleh pemerintah, termasuk di dalamnya upaya nasionalisasi industri dan tanah-tanah perkebunan dan tragedi 1965 yan...
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