Bi 2 S 3 nanostructures can theoretically have photothermal properties. However, there are few reports on the application of bismuth sulfide in photothermal therapy due to the poor photothermal effect. To address this problem, herein we obtained Bi 2 S 3 nanorods with defect structures via a facile method. Due to the special shape and defects, the Bi 2 S 3 nanorods exhibited a strong absorption band in the NIR region, thus showed excellent photothermal effect. The photothermal conversion efficiency of Bi 2 S 3 nanorods was calculated to be as high as 78.1% due to the strong NIR absorption. Importantly, the photothermal ablation experiments both in vitro and in vivo proved that the Bi 2 S 3 nanorods can effectively kill cancer cells under the irradiation of an 808 nm laser. In addition, Bi 2 S 3 nanorods can be used as effective CT imaging agents due to inherently high X-ray attenuation coefficient of bismuth. Our work demonstrated that the Bi 2 S 3 nanorods were very promising photothermal nanoplatforms for photothermal therapy of cancers, guided by CT imaging.
: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global public health issue, affecting multiple organs such as the eyes. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence has dropped but HIV ocular complications still remain a major cause of vision impairment in HIV-positive individuals. Since modern medical interventions nowadays can change this previously fatal infection into a chronic disease and enable people living with HIV for relatively long and healthy lives, recent studies update the incidence of HIV-related ocular manifestations which has reached 70% among HIV patients. The primary ocular disorders induced by HIV are various and the clinical ocular findings are similar which may be a problem to diagnose in the setting of disease. In our discussion, these complications are classified by etiology, for example noninfectious microvasculopathy resulting from direct invasion of the HIV, HIV-associated opportunistic infections caused by virus such as cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus, fungus for example candida and cryptococcus, bacteria like mycobacterium, parasites such as toxoplasma and pneumocystis, and other pathogens, and infiltration lesions like lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. In order to get a better understanding of HIV ocular complications, we focus on HIV-related ocular complications in the HAART era with an emphasis on current incidence, clinical manifestations, ocular examination findings, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In addition, we discuss the possibility of virus reservoir in eyes which makes HIV-related oculopathy still ubiquitous even after successful systemic treatment.
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