Updates of ocular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with salivary glands involvement: Presenting a case and describing its clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects

“…Upper respiratory involvement is predictable in more than 90% of patients, lower respiratory tract involvement (as pulmonary infiltrations, pleural effusion, and nodules) in about 15%-50% of patients, renal involvement in 10%-20% of patients, eye defects (commonly as scleritis) in about 50%, skin defects (as purpura, nodules, ulcers, and granulomas) in 50%-60%, nervous system (commonly as peripheral neuropathies) in 30%-40%, musculoskeletal system (as myalgia and/or arthralgia) in 70%, and even cardiovascular system (as valvular lesions or pericarditis) in less than 10% of patients. [17][18][19][20] To evaluate patients suspected of GPA, all clinical and paraclinical assessments should be considered including minute physical examination, tracking laboratory parameters including blood count, electrolytes, inflammatory markers, imaging, and tittering specific markers of PR3-ANCA and histological assessments if required. 21 Radiological assessment according to the involved organs should be also proposed.…”

“…In this regard, appearing generalized systemic symptoms, especially nonspecific symptoms, are expected in relation to GPA. Upper respiratory involvement is predictable in more than 90% of patients, lower respiratory tract involvement (as pulmonary infiltrations, pleural effusion, and nodules) in about 15%–50% of patients, renal involvement in 10%–20% of patients, eye defects (commonly as scleritis) in about 50%, skin defects (as purpura, nodules, ulcers, and granulomas) in 50%–60%, nervous system (commonly as peripheral neuropathies) in 30%–40%, musculoskeletal system (as myalgia and/or arthralgia) in 70%, and even cardiovascular system (as valvular lesions or pericarditis) in less than 10% of patients 17–20 …”

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with salivary glands involvement: presenting a case and describing its clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects

“…In this regard, appearing generalized systemic symptoms, especially non-specific symptoms are expected in relation to GPA. Upper respiratory involvement is predictable in more than 90% of patients, lower respiratory tract involvement (as pulmonary infiltrations, pleural effusion, and nodules) in about 15 to 50% of patients, renal involvement in 10 to 20% of patients, eye defects (commonly as scleritis) in about 50%, skin defects (as purpura, nodules, ulcers, and granulomas) in 50 to 60%, nervous system (commonly as peripheral neuropathies) in 30 to 40%, musculoskeletal system (as myalgia and/or arthralgia) in 70%, and even cardiovascular system (as valvular lesions or pericarditis) in less than 10% of patients (17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Atypical Pattern of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

“…This case presents several initial symptoms that were non-specific manifestations of GPA, highlighting the importance of a broad differential diagnosis and thorough work-up to achieve an early diagnosis. Clinicians must be watchful for other signs and symptoms exemplified in this case, including myalgias, arthralgias, fatigue, and systemic involvement such as ocular involvement [ 1 , 7 ].…”