Background:Inflammatory and procoagulant markers are potential mediators for the cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], is another important risk factor with inflammatory and procoagulant effects.Materials and methods:In 78 hemodialysis patients and 40 controls, C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], fibrinogen, D-dimer, von Wilebrand factor (vWF) and serum albumin were determined.Results:CRP, IL-6, Lp(a), fibrinogen, D-dimer and vWF, were significantly higher, and serum albumin was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (24.40 mg/L vs. 6.39 mg/L, p<0.001; 1.92 pg/ml vs. 0.35 pg/ml, 28.05 mg/dL vs.16.25 mg/dL, p<0.001; 3.44 g/L vs. 2.55 g/L, p<0.01; 1.81 µgFEU /ml vs. 0.50 µgFEU /ml, p<0.01; 152.9 % vs. 85.6 %, p<0.001; 32.1 g/L vs. 40.50 g/L, p<0.001). The patients were divided into two groups: 40 patients with CRP levels over than 10 mg/L and 38 with CRP levels in normal range. These parameters showed significant differences between patients with elevated CRP and patients with normal CRP levels. CRP and IL-6 correlated positively with Lp(a), (r = 0.62, p < 0.001; r=0.54, p<0.001), fibrinogen, (r = 0.63, p < 0.001; r = 0.49, p<0.01) D dimer (r = 0.72, p<0.001; r = 0.55, p<0.01), vWF (r = 0.76, p<0.01; r = 0.63, p<0.001) and negatively with serum albumin (r = -0.80, p<0.01; r = -0.60, p<0.001), in patients with elevated CRP, but not in patients with normal CRP levels and controls.Conclusion:According to the results hemodialysis patients with increased inflammatory markers, have the elevated Lp(a) and procoagulant markers and the greater risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients on chronic hemodialysis. A low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum albumin are another potential risk factors. e purpose of this study was to explore in patients on chronic hemodialysis, whether Lp(a) elevated levels are infl uenced by activated acute phase response (APR) and the correlation of Lp(a) with HDL-C and serum albumin. In hemodialysis patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels over than mg/L and hemodialysis patients with CRP levels in the normal range, Lp(a), HDL-C and serum albumin were determined in relation to CRP, as a sensitive marker of an APR. Results showed that serum concentration of CRP in hemodialysis patients was signifi cantly higher than in controls (, mg/L versus , mg/L, p<,).Patients with elevated CRP had signifi cantly higher serum levels of Lp(a) and lower serum levels of HDL-C and albumin, than patients with CRP in the normal range ( , mg/dl versus , mg/dl, p<,, , mmol/L versus , mmol/L, p<, and , g/L versus , g/L, p<,). Lp(a) levels correlated positively with CRP and negatively with HDL-C and serum albumin, in patients with elevated CRP, but not in healthy controls. According to the results Lp(a) reacts as an acute phase protein, in patients with APR.
Rapid and early diagnosis of systemic infections is very important for acting on time with an adequate therapy. e aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic importance of procalcitonin (PCT) and Creactive protein (CRP) of bacterial infections in diff erent stages of sepsis. PCT and CRP have been determined in newborns, - days of age, with diff erent stages of sepsis, in the centre for prematurely born neonates. ese parameters have also been determined for control group, in which there were healthy newborns. Procalcitonin values were signifi cantly increased in neonates with septic shock (, ng/mL; ,- ng/mL) compared to the systemic infl ammatory response syndrome-SIRS ( ng/mL; ,- ng/mL), neonatal sepsis (, ng/mL; ,-, ng/mL), neonatal sepsis and purulent meningitis (, ng/mL; ,-, ng/mL). e control group values were lower than , ng/mL. CRP is increased without statistical diff erences in all stages of sepsis in newborns with septic shock (, mg/L; ,- mg/L) in cases with SIRS (, mg/L; ,- mg/L), neonatal sepsis (, mg/L; - mg/L), neonatal sepsis and purulent meningitis (, mg/L; - mg/L).e average values for the control group were , mg/L. Procalcitonin is increased in all stages of sepsis with higher values in the septic shock. e increase of PCT levels is related to the severity, course of infection and prognosis of disease.KEY WORDS: procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP), infection, sepsis, septic shock.
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a disease whose etiology is not very clearly explained. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio in diagnosing preeclampsiaand evaluating prognosis.Methods: The patients in this research were examined and diagnosed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo. Control group included 25 pregnant women with a normalblood pressure and with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks, whereas the investigation group included 25 women diagnosed with preeclampsia. The patients were not administered therapy four days before the examination. For the determination of biochemical parameters we used end point bichromatic enzymatic rate and enzymatic conductivity rate.Results: BUN/Creatinine index in the preeclamptic group was 19±7.7, uric acid 280±70 μmol/L, lactate dehydrogenase198±63 U/L, while the number of platelets was 195±5061 x 109/L. In control group BUN/Creatinine index was 12±3, lactate dehydrogenase was 165±57 U/L, uric acid 197±79 μmol/La and the platelet numberwas 243±61 x109/L. Albumin/Globulin index in the preeclamptic group was 0.8±0.12, whereas in the control group it was 0.9±0.16.Conclusions: BUN/Creatinine ratio in pregnant women with preeclampsia was significantly increased (t=-4.14; p=0.00013) in comparison to the control group. It indicates the prerenal source of azotemia. This indexcan be important for the evaluation of preeclampsia severity.
e research has included patients aged between to , of whom were men and women. e purpose of research was to determine impact of diet and physical activity in the treatment of metabolic syndrome during the six month period. Processing of results through descriptive and discriminative analysis have indicated that month treatment with diet and physical activity have had an impact in the: waistline decrease by , cm or , among males, and , cm or , among females; body mass index (BMI) decrease by . or . among males, and , or , among females; decrease of blood triglycerides levels by , mmol/L or , among males, and , mmol/L or , among females; increase of blood cholesterol HDL-C by , mmol/L or , among males, and , mmol/L or , among females; systolic arterial pressure decreased by mmHg or ,, and diastolic blood pressure by , mmHg or , among males, and systolic arterial pressure decreased by , mmHg or ,, and diastolic blood pressure decreased by , mmHg or , among females; the level of blood glucose decreased by , mmol/L or , among males, and by , mmol/L or , decreased among females.e results show that physical exercise and diet are important factors in reducing the values symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In order to improve symptoms of metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to keep on with healthy diet and physical exercise that means the change of lifestyle.
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