Routing algorithms with time and message complexities that are provably low and independent of the total number of nodes in the network are essential for the design and operation of very large scale wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In this paper we develop and analyze Cluster Overlay Broadcast (COB), a low-complexity routing algorithm for MANETs. COB runs on top of a 1-hop cluster cover of the network, which can be created and maintained using, for instance, the Least Cluster Change (LCC) algorithm. We formally prove that the LCC algorithm maintains a cluster cover with a constant density of cluster leaders with minimal update cost. COB discovers routes by flooding (broadcasting) route requests through the network of cluster leaders with a doubling radius technique. Building on the constant density property of the network of cluster leaders we formally prove that if there exists a route from a source to a destination node with a minimum hop count of ∆, then COB discovers a route with at most O(∆) hops from the source to the destination node in at most O(∆) time and by sending at most O(∆ 2 ) messages. We prove this result for arbitrary node distributions and mobility patterns and also show that COB adapts asymptotically optimally to the mobility of the nodes. In our simulation experiments we examine the network layer performance of COB, compare it with Dynamic Source Routing, and investigate the impact of the MAC layer on COB routing.
Index Terms1-hop clustering, algorithm/protocol design and analysis, message complexity, routing protocol, scalability, time complexity, wireless mobile ad hoc network.
Abstract. As mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are emerging as important components in critical and large-scale applications, it is crucial to develop MANET routing mechanisms with provably low complexity. In this paper, we give a tutorial overview of the efficient use of elementary node clustering and route request broadcast mechanisms for low-complexity MANET routing. We explain these mechanisms with illustrative examples and discuss their theoretical performance characteristics. We demonstrate that node clustering with constant density and route request broadcasting with a doubling radius technique over the network of cluster leaders can be employed for MANET routing with theoretically proven low complexity. Moreover, we contrast these efficient elementary clustering and route request broadcast mechanisms with clustering and route information accumulation mechanisms in the widely studied AODV and DSR routing protocols and discuss the implications of these various mechanisms for scalable MANET routing.
Physical carrier sensing has to date mainly been exploited for improving medium access control in wireless networks. Recently, a parallel algorithm striving to extensively exploit physical carrier sensing
for constructing and maintaining a connected dominating set (CDS), which is also known as spanner,
backbone, or overlay network in wireless ad hoc networks with interference ranges larger than transmission
ranges has been proposed. Existing evaluations of this algorithm are limited to theoretical asymptotic
bounds and simulations of static networks. In this paper, we evaluate the physical carrier sensing-based
CDS maintenance for mobile ad hoc networks through discrete event simulations. For a wide range of
node speeds and node densities, we evaluate the CDS characteristics and message exchanges required for
maintaining the CDS. We find that the algorithm maintains a stable leader set dominating all nodes in the
network for a wide range of mobility levels but struggles to maintain connectivity at high mobility levels.
We also quantify the portions of the control messages for CDS maintenance that are exchanged through
physical carrier sensing. We find that the parallel algorithm manages to greatly reduce the reliance on
intact message receptions.
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