Evaluation of physical carrier sense based spanner construction and maintenance as well as broadcast and convergecast in ad hoc networks

Evaluation of Physical Carrier Sense Based Backbone Maintenance in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…The timing structure of the algorithm is organized according to locally synchronized rounds, such that each round contains 11 slots to accommodate phases I-III (see Figure 1). A sequence of k = 60 rounds forms a frame; setting the parameter k = 60 accommodates all possible network densities and sizes, as shown in [3]. The beginning of each frame is not required to be synchronized between nodes, only the round/slot timing.…”

“…The durations of the individual slots depend on the information contained in them, which is either presence/absence of sensed physical carrier (neglected in byte count), node address (counted as 6 bytes), or time stamp (counted as 2 bytes); in addition, we count 6 bytes of overhead for each slot. For all slots, except the third slot of phase I, which is examined in Section 2.2, the lengths of the control messages sent in the individual slots are established in [3] and are summarized in Table 1. Based on k = 60 rounds/frame, a 1 Mbit/s transmission rate and a 20 μs spacing between slots, a frame (including the third slot of phase I) is 219.6 ms long.…”

“…The algorithm evaluated in [3] considers static networks, which can be accommodated with only the first two slots in phase I. The third slot in phase I is needed to recover from arbitrary placements of leader nodes [2], as may arise with node mobility.…”

“…In this paper we present an original simulation study of the CDS maintenance algorithm proposed in [2] for MANETs. Our previous evaluations (i) provided only asymptotic performance bounds [2] which provide only rather loose characterizations of the actual performance for typical network scenarios, and (ii) considered only static ad hoc networks without any node mobility [3]. In this paper, we evaluate the actual performance of the CDS maintenance algorithm for typical mobile ad hoc network scenarios through simulations.…”

An Overview of Distributed Energy-Efficient Topology Control for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

“…As an example, in forest fire early detection system [5], wireless temperature and smoke wireless nodes are installed in the forest to detect fire or smoke in its early stage, without deploying complicated wired structures. Another application is in a battlefield, a soldier can be aware of the status of friendly troops or the availability of equipment by their information collected from wireless networks [6].…”