Twelve world elite Biathlon (Bia), ten Nordic Cross Country (NCC) and ten ski-mountaineering (Ski-Mo) athletes were evaluated for pronounced echocardiographic physiological cardiac remodeling as a primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. In this context, sports-related cardiac remodeling was analyzed by performing two-dimensional echocardiography including speckle tracking analysis as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS). A multicenter retrospective analysis of echocardiographic data was performed in 32 elite world winter sports athletes, which were obtained between 2020 and 2021 during the annual medical examination. The matched data of the elite world winter sports athletes (14 women, 18 male athletes, age: 18–35 years) were compared for different echocardiographic parameters. Significant differences could be revealed for left ventricular systolic function (LV-EF, p = 0.0001), left ventricular mass index (LV Mass index, p = 0.0078), left atrial remodeling by left atrial volume index (LAVI, p = 0.0052), and LV-GLS (p = 0.0003) between the three professional winter sports disciplines. This report provides new evidence that resting measures of cardiac structure and function in elite winter sport professionals can identify sport specific remodeling of the left heart, against the background of training schedule and training frequency.
Nine Ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-Cross Country (NCC) and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance as the primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. A multicenter retrospective analysis of CPET data was performed in 31 elite winter sports athletes, which were obtained in 2021 during the annual medical examination. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18–32 years) were compared for different CPET parameters, and athlete’s physique data and sport-specific training schedules. All athletes showed, as estimated in elite winter sport athletes, excellent performance data in the CPET analyses. Significant differences were revealed for VE VT2 (respiratory minute volume at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)), highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VEmaximum), the indexed ventilatory oxygen uptake (VO2) at VT2 (VO2/kg VT2), the oxygen pulse at VT2, and the maximum oxygen pulse level between the three professional winter sports disciplines. This report provides new evidence that in different world elite winter sport professionals, significant differences in CPET parameters can be demonstrated, against the background of athlete’s physique as well as training control and frequency.
Nine ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-cross country (NCC), and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance and pronounced echocardiographic physiological cardiac remodeling as a primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. In this context, a multicenter retrospective analysis of two-dimensional echocardiographic data including speckle tracking of the left ventricle (LV-GLS) and CPET performance analysis was performed in 31 elite world winter sports athletes, which were obtained during the annual sports medicine examination between 2020 and 2021. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18–32 years) were compared for different CPET and echocardiographic parameters, anthropometric data, and sport-specific training schedules. Significant differences could be revealed for left atrial (LA) remodeling by LA volume index (LAVI, p = 0.0052), LV-GLS (p = 0.0003), and LV mass index (LV Mass index, p = 0.0078) between the participating disciplines. All participating athletes showed excellent performance data in the CPET analyses, whereby significant differences were revealed for highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VE maximum) and the maximum oxygen pulse level across the participating athletes. This study on sport specific physiological demands in elite winter sport athletes provides new evidence that significant differences in CPET and cardiac remodeling of the left heart can be identified based on the individual athlete’s training schedule, frequency, and physique.
Hintergrund: Unerfüllter Kinderwunsch belastet jedes fünfte Paar. Zur Wirksamkeitssteigerung der künstlichen Befruchtung werden oftmals Akupunkturbehandlungen durchgeführt. Wenig ist über die Akupunkturbehandlungsmodalitäten in Kinderwunschzentren bekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, diese zu erfassen und mit den in randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) untersuchten Akupunkturbehandlungsmodalitäten zu vergleichen. Methoden: 180 Kinderwunschkliniken, die auf den Webseiten der schweizerischen, deutschen und österreichischen reproduktionsmedizinischen Vereinigungen aufgeführt waren, wurden zur Teilnahme an einer Onlinebefragung über das Akupunkturangebot bei künstlicher Befruchtung eingeladen. Die Umfrageergebnisse wurden den Angaben aus 17 RCTs gegenübergestellt. Ergebnisse: Akupunktur wird von 33 (38,4%) aller an der Umfrage beteiligten Kinderwunschkliniken (n = 86) angeboten (Rücklaufquote = 47,8%). Die Wahl der Akupunkturpunkte ist in 39,4% der Kliniken standardisiert, in 24,2% semi-standardisiert und in 27,3% erfolgt sie individuell nach TCM-Diagnose. Körperakupunktur mit Nadelstimulierung wurde am häufigsten genannt (84,8%). In einigen Kliniken wird ergänzend zur Körperakupunktur auch Ohrakupunktur (24,2%) und Moxibustion (21,2%) angewendet. Die Leistungserbringer sind überwiegend ärztliche Akupunkturtherapeuten (84,8%). Im Vergleich zu den RCTs wurden große Unterschiede hinsichtlich Bestimmung der Akupunkturpunkte, Stimulierungsverfahren und beruflichem Hintergrund der Akupunktur-Leistungserbringer festgestellt. Schlussfolgerungen: Weniger als 40% aller Akupunktur anbietenden Kinderwunschkliniken im deutschsprachigen Raum verwenden standardisierte Akupunkturpunkteprotokolle. Um die externe Validität der Akupunkturforschung in der Reproduktionsmedizin zu erhöhen und die klinische Wirksamkeit dieser adjuvanten Behandlungsform zu untersuchen, sollten in zukünftigen Studien semi-standardisierte und individuelle Bestimmungen der Akupunkturpunkte berücksichtigt und der Einsatz von angelerntem Personal vermieden werden.
Eleven world elite ski-mountaineering (Ski-Mo) athletes were evaluated for pronounced echocardiographic physiological remodeling as the primary aim of our feasibility speckle tracking study. In this context, sports-related cardiac remodeling was analyzed by performing two-dimensional echocardiography, including speckle tracking analysis of the left atrium (LA), right ventricle (RV) and left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) at rest and post-peak performance. The feasibility echocardiographic speckle tracking analysis was performed on eleven elite Ski-Mo athletes, which were obtained in 2022 during the annual medical examination. The obtained data of the professional Ski-Mo athletes (11 athletes, age: 18–26 years) were compared for different echocardiographic parameters at rest and post-exercise. Significant differences were found for LV-GLS mean (p = 0.0036) and phasic LA conduit strain pattern at rest and post-exercise (p = 0.0033). Furthermore, negative correlation between LV mass and LV-GLS (p = 0.0195, r = −0.69) and LV mass Index and LV-GLS (p = 0.0253, r = −0.66) at rest were elucidated. This descriptive reporting provided, for the first time, a sport-specific dynamic remodeling of an entire elite national team of the Ski-Mo athlete’s left heart and elucidated differences in the dynamic deformation pattern of the left heart.
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