No abstract

SUMMARYIt is now apparent that the Peyer's patches of some species exhibit structural, functional and developmental heterogeneity. In sheep, for example, the ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) is the primary, antigen-independent site for the generation of the primary immunoglobulin repertoire and consequent production of the systemic B-cell pool. The pig has three distinct Peyer's patches, including an IPP, but the functional status of this organ, as primary or secondary lymphoid tissue, is not clear. Here, we have systematically characterized pig IPP follicular lymphocytes and show that about 90% B cells that are positive for surface immunoglobulin G (sIgM + ) and express an immature phenotype characterized by expression of myeloid marker sWC3 (74-22-15) and two molecules recognized by IPP B-cell-speci®c monoclonal antibodies (F10/4, F12/35). Extensive apoptosis in vivo and in vitro was demonstrated by electron microscopy, immunohistology with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling, DNA analysis and¯uorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Thus, when isolated IPP follicular cells were incubated at 37u in vitro, the majority of them became apoptotic. The few that survived, however, had lost their expression of sWC3, F10/4, F12/35, but showed an increased expression of sIgM and major histocompatibility complex class II indicating that such surviving cells were of a more mature phenotype. Although more T cells were observed in porcine IPP follicles than in sheep IPP, CD3 + cells comprised less than 5% of the IPP follicular lymphocytes. Thus, the results clearly indicate that pig IPP is equivalent to sheep IPP.

Eight neutralizing and two non-neutralizing antifoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) bovine IgG1 and IgG2 monoclonal antibodies (BMAbs) recognize conformationally dependent epitopes. The majority of those shown to neutralize virus passively protected mice from virus challenge, regardless of isotype. Well-characterized anti-FMDV mouse MAbs, representing five independent neutralizing epitopes on O 1 serotype virus, were examined with each of the ten BMAbs in a competition-based ELISA. Five of the neutralizing BMAbs (C48, C65, C74, C83 and MH6) were shown to be directed against epitopes on, or in close proximity to, that previously defined as neutralizing antigenic site 2. Another neutralizing BMAb, MH5, bound to an epitope on, or in close proximity to antigenic site 3. Two neutralizing BMAbs (C2 and C96) simultaneously

Background:Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and targeted biopsies (TB) facilitate accurate detection of significant prostate cancer (sPC). However, it remains unclear how many cores should be applied per target. Objective:To assess sPC detection rates of two different target-dependent MRI/transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-fusion biopsy approaches (TB and target saturation (TS)) compared to extended systematic biopsies (SB). Design, setting and participants:Retrospective single-centre outcome of transperineal MRI/TRUS-fusion biopsies of 213 men. All men underwent TB with 2-4 cores per MRI lesion, followed by a median of 24 SB, performed by experienced urologists. Cancer and sPC (ISUP grade group ≥ 2) detection rates were analyzed. TB was compared to SB and to TS with 9 cores per target, calculated by the Ginsburg scheme and using individual cores of the lesion and its "penumbra".Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Cancer detection rates were calculated for TS, TB and SB at both lesion and patient level. Combination of SB+TB served as reference. Statistical differences in PC detection between groups were calculated using McNemar`s tests with Confidence intervals.

No abstract