International bank for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine: assessment of Montanide ISA 25 and ISA 206, two commercially available oil adjuvants

Enhanced Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Response and Solid Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Challenge Induced by a Novel Dendrimeric Peptide

“…Cells were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 for 4 days. Following incubation, each well was pulsed with 0.5 Ci of [methyl- 3 H]thymidine for 18 h. The cells were collected using a cell harvester and the incorporation of radioactivity into the DNA was measured by liquid scintillation counting with a Microbeta counter (Pharmacia). Results were expressed as stimulation indexes (SI), which were calculated as the mean counts per minute (cpm) of stimulated cultures/mean cpm of cultures grown in the presence of medium alone (peptide) or mock-infected cells (virus).…”

Evaluation of different adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing all the SAT serotypes

“…Commercially available single water-in-oil (W/O) adjuvants, Montanide ISA 25 and ISA 50, and double water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvants, ISA 206, without the addition of saponin, elicited protective humoral immune responses against European FMD serotypes in cattle (Barnett, Pullen, Williams & Doel 1996;Iyer, Ghosh, Singh & Deshmuhk 2001), sheep (Barnett, Keel, Reid, Armstrong, Statham, Voyce, Aggarwal & Cox 2004;Cox, Barnett, Dani & Salt 1999;Patil, Bayra, Ramakrishna, Hugar, Misra, Prabhudas & Natarajan 2002b), goats (Patil, Bayra, Ramakrishna, Hugar, Misra & Natarajan 2002a) and pigs (Barnett et al 1996;Barnett, Cox, Aggarwal, Gerber & McCullough 2002;Barnett & Carabin 2002). The W/O adjuvants induced faster and better protective immune responses than the W/O/W adjuvants (Barnett et al 1996;Iyer et al 2001), while the addition of saponin to the W/O FMD vaccine enhanced the antibody titres especially at lower payloads (Smitsaart, Mattion, Filippi, Robiolo, Periolo, La Torre & Bellinzoni 2000). The addition of saponin to ISA 206 adjuvanted FMD vaccines containing O1 Campos enhanced the specific antibody responses in cattle and pigs (Smitsaart, Esponoza, Sanguinetti, Fillipi, Ham & Bellinzoni 2004).…”

“…The addition of saponin to ISA 206 adjuvanted FMD vaccines containing O1 Campos enhanced the specific antibody responses in cattle and pigs (Smitsaart, Esponoza, Sanguinetti, Fillipi, Ham & Bellinzoni 2004). Oilbased FMD vaccines containing antigens from the International Vaccine Bank, Pirbright were shown to be more stable at + 4 °C than the AS vaccine formulations (Barnett & Doel 1992;Barnett et al 1996). Barnett & Statham (2002) developed a novel approach for the formulation and storage of oil vaccines that involves the layering of the individual components of FMD vaccine in the same primary container and then storing the product at ultra-low temperatures.…”

“…ISA 206 adjuvanted FMD vaccines containing the O, A, C and Asia 1 FMD serotypes without saponin and given as a once-off vaccination protected cattle (Barnett et al 1996;Iyer et al 2001;Cox, Voyce, Parida, Reid, Hamblin, Paton & Barnett 2005;Cox, Voyce, Parida, Reid, Hamblin, Hutchings, Paton & Barnett 2006), sheep (Cox et al 1999), goats Patil et al 2002a) and pigs (Barnett et al 1996;Barnett & Carabin 2002) within 4-7 days post vaccination (pv). Cattle were protected against direct contact challenge following emergency vaccination (Cox et al 2005), and an increase in payload reduced subclinical infection, leading to fewer persistently infected animals (Cox et al 2006).…”

Immune Responses of Sheep to Quadrivalent Double Emulsion Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines: Rate of Development of Immunity and Variations among Other Ruminants

“…Emulsified vaccines based on mineral oils have been reported to provide a high level of immunity for a prolonged period (1,2,4,14). In this study, we have attempted to evaluate the efficiency of double emulsion quadrivalent vaccines formulated with virus concentrates using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and those with conventional aluminum hydroxide gel-saponin (AGS) vaccines.…”