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We evaluated the infl uence of the substitution of soybean meal by detoxifi ed castor cake on performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance, hepatic and renal functions of pregnant goats fed with diets containing detoxifi ed castor cake by alkaline solutions during the stages (fi rst two-thirds and fi nal third) of pregnancy. Three diets were provided: one based on soybean meal and the other two based on castor cake detoxifi ed with whit calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Goats fed detoxifi ed castor cake sodium hydroxide had lower consumption. Was no effect (P>0.05) of diets or stages on the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients. The goats that received the diets based on soybean meal and detoxifi ed castor cake calcium hydroxide consumed larger amounts of nitrogen. The goats fed with diet the basis of SM had greater weight in the parturition day. The average levels of enzymes for hepatic and renal functions were within normal patterns. Of enzymes related to liver metabolism, only the gammaglutamyl transferase increased in the fi nal third of pregnancy. The present study demonstrated that detoxifi ed castor by sodium hydroxide reduces the consumption of goats during gestation, but did not affect negatively the renal and hepatic parameters.

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Evaluated the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance and function hepatic and renal of goats fed with diets containing DCC by alkaline solutions in confinement regime during different stages of biological development (growth, pregnancy and lactation). The treatments consisted of three diets, a formulated with corn and soybean meal (SM) and the others were formulated with detoxified castor cake by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC) and another composed by detoxified castor by DCC of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In relation to the biological stages, we observed higher intakes of DM and all the nutrients by goats during lactation, representing up to 4% of body weight. In relation to renal and hepatic parameters showed that there was interaction between the diets and biological stages on the levels of total proteins, direct bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase. In a general way, the goats fed with both castor cake, regardless of the stage evaluated had higher levels. The detoxified castor cake by alkaline solutions in replacement of soybean meal proved to be a viable alternative in the feeding of goats in the three-stage biological, because it does not affect the functionality of the liver and kidney function and the nitrogen balance, in spite of the diets formulated with detoxified castor by sodium hydroxide decrease the intake of dry matter and nutrients.

This study aimed to evaluate the economic and financial viability of the creation of dairy goats of Saanen breed and Anglo Nubian in system of family farming. The information of the technical parameters for financial analysis of this research were obtained in manuscripts the published in the last ten years in national journals. In face of these data was conducted a meta-analysis of data which generated the zootechnical date used for the simulations in this work. The simulation for milk production and calves from 72 dairy goats provided revenue above the cost of production, resulting in positive economic indicators for both scenarios assessed. The revenue generated by the systems that utilize the Saanen goats are bigger, considering that the production is greater. The financial analysis of systems proved to be viable over 8 years. In relation to the payback, both presented low return on investment applied. Sensitivity analyzes showed that in both systems evaluated, only in the most unfavorable situations, such as a reduction of 30% in both production and market price, the indicators of economic performance are not attractive, given that the time of return on investment is too long, especially in the rearing of goats Anglo Nubian. From the practical point of view, it is recommended the creation of both breeds, because the cost of deployment of the system can be purchased via funding.

This study aimed to evaluate the economic and financial viability of the creation of Nellore cattle in feedlot in Brazil. To do so, we performed a meta-analysis of productive data of Brazilian research published in the last ten years, and before the data, simulated to economic analysis. Three scenarios were simulated, the first according to projections of commodity prices, the second with a reduction of 10% of those prices and the third with an increase of 10%. In first scenario the termination provided positive net income, with total factor productivity (TFP) of R$ 1.04. On the other hand, with the increase of 10% of the costs of production, there is an income and a negative rate of return. On the other hand, with a reduction of 10% of the costs of production, the system will only 1,289 animals and, at the same time, the TFP shall be 1.16, with a return rate of 16.32%. We observed payback with values of less than one year, but with an increase of 10% on the cost with feeding all indicators were negative. Sensitivity analyzes showed that in most scenarios evaluated, only in situations more unfavorable economic performance indicators were not attractive. A meta-analysis of data from the termination of bovine animals shows that, before the current scenario, the price of commodities provides favorable economic indices, but with a negative variation of 10% on the price of the same, the indicators are to be negative, even with the price of the @ remaining stable.