Parasitóides de Diptera coletados em áreas florestal, rural e urbana em Monte Alegre, MG [Parasitoids of Diptera collected in forest, rural, and urban areas in Monte Alegre, MG]

No abstract

Bacterial resistance is a sanitary issue explained by indiscriminate use of nonprescription drugs, and antimicrobial use in food production for growth promotion. Bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I) is a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Bothrops jararacussu venom, which has a known antimicrobial effect. The goal of this study was the unprecedented evaluation of in vivo antimicrobial activity of BthTx-I in broilers. Microbiological, biochemical, and histological parameters were determined using 84 21-day old broilers that were kept in cages with four birds each at a density of 625 cm2/broiler. The experiment was randomized by three treatments with seven repetitions of four broilers each that lasted seven days. The treatments were: 1) bacitracin zinc diet; 2) PLA2-BthTx-I; 3) without additives. The data obtained from the studied variables was subjected to analysis of variance and an F-test at the 5% significance level. Averages of each variable in each treatment were compared by Tukey’s test. Broiler bacterial cloacal counts showed that BthTx-I decreased the microbial population without reducing body weight, intestinal morphology, or liver or kidney histopathological damage. The toxin showed in vivo activity, being an alternative for better performance in the production of broiler chickens, because it acted by decreasing the microbial load of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of the birds and did not cause muscle, liver or kidney damage at the assessed dosage.

The aim of this study is to report the first occurrence of the parasitoid Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) in pupae of Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) in cattle dung in Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Monte Alegre, MG. One obtained the pupae through the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult dipterous or their parasitoids. Fourty seven pupae of A. scabra were obtained, two of which yielded the parasitoid T. coxalis. The percentage of parasitism was 4.3%.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as espécies de parasitóides presentes nos matadouros, em Itumbiara, GO, e Tupaciguara, MG, Brasil, no período de março a dezembro de 2005. As pupas dos dípteros foram separadas do substrato pelo método de flotação e individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina até a emergência dos dípteros e/ou dos seus parasitóides. As espécies mais freqüentes foram: Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), com 80% em Itumbiara e Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), com 82,4% em Tupaciguara.

No abstract

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a primeira ocorrência do parasitóide Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead, 1887 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em pupas Fannia pusio (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Fanniidae). Para coleta dos insetos foi utilizado como isca fígado bovino. Obtiveram-se 265 pupas de F. pusio, das quais 4 emergiram parasitóides pertencentes à espécie S. drosophilae. A porcentagem de parasitismo foi de 1,5%.